Numerous engineered and natural environments suffer deleterious effects from biofouling and/or biofilm formation. For instance, bacterial contamination on biomedical devices pose serious health concerns. In membrane-based technologies, such as desalination and wastewater reuse, biofouling decreases membrane lifetime, and increases the energy required to produce clean water. Traditionally, appro...

Abstract The world of biomaterials has been continuously evolving. Where in the past only mono-material implants were used, growth technology and collaboration between researchers from different sectors led to a tremendous improvement implant industry. Nowadays, composite materials are one leading research areas for biomedical applications. When we look toward hard tissue applications, metal-ba...