Bone, at the ultra-structural level, is a composite with mechanical properties that can be matched by man-made composites. It serves as the template for developing bone replacement materials. Research on biomaterials analogous to bone was started in the early 1980s by incorporating bioactive particles into biocompatible polymers in order to produce bone substitutes. Hydroxyapatite reinforced hi...

The human body has an amazing ability to undergo self-repair. However, this natural regeneration process is limited, and in those patients with infection or disease, the body’s repair process may be compromised. To improve, maintain, or restore function to damaged or diseased tissues, scientists are looking to engineer tissue equivalents either as temporary substitutes while the body heals or a...

CONTEXT Structural instability due to poor soft tissue quality often requires augmentation. Allografts are important biological substitutes that are used for the symptomatic patient in the reconstruction of deficient ligaments, tendons, menisci, and osteochondral defects. Interest in the clinical application of allografts has arisen from the demand to obtain stable anatomy with restoration of f...

Damage or loss of a tissue or organ is common, costly, and tragic. Advances in mechanical artificial organs and organ transplantation have improved the treatment of organ failure, and advances in molecular immunology, tissue engineering, and stem cell biology offer the promise of even better therapeutic modalities for treating organ failure in the future. Enhancement of immune tolerance of tran...

: Patients with laryngeal disorders may have severe morbidity relating to swallowing, vocalization, and respiratory function, for which conventional therapies are suboptimal. A tissue-engineered approach would aim to restore the vocal folds and maintain respiratory function while limiting the extent of scarring in the regenerated tissue. Under Good Laboratory Practice conditions, we decellulari...

Continuous circuit and wire miniaturization increasingly exert more pressure on the computer designers to address the issue of reliable operation in the presence of hard-faults. Virtually all previous work on hard-fault reliability addresses problems that arise when a fault occurs in architectural resources, such as the register file or caches. However, hard-faults can happen in non-architectur...

Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a biodegradable polymer increasingly used in a variety of biomedical applications. This polyester is prepared by polycondensation of glycerol and sebacic acid. PGS exhibits biocompatibility and biodegradability, both highly relevant properties in biomedical applications. PGS also involves cost effective production with the possibility of up scaling to industrial...

Dental implant was placed to restore the function of the teeth as well as satisfactory appearance. A great challenge with implant placement and tooth restoration in the aesthetic zone has been presented as a common issue in tooth replacement. The ability of the dental team to re establish normal form and architecture to hard and soft tissue has been concerned [1]. Originally, it was considered ...

The clinical application of multiple implant-supported restorations in edentulous jaws has proven to be a predictable long-term treatment (1, 2). The implant-supported restoration has also been proposed for the replacement of the single tooth (48). The single-tooth implant restoration has changed treatment planning of the missing tooth in the anterior sextant. Clinical situations in which singl...

Dental implant was placed to restore the function of the teeth as well as satisfactory appearance. A great challenge with implant placement and tooth restoration in the aesthetic zone has been presented as a common issue in tooth replacement. The ability of the dental team to re establish normal form and architecture to hard and soft tissue has been concerned [1]. Originally, it was considered ...