Genetic alterations are known drivers of autoimmune disease; however, there is a much higher incidence of autoimmunity in women, implicating sex-specific factors in disease development. The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene contributes to the maintenance of central tolerance, and complete loss of AIRE function results in the development of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1. In this i...

The APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases play an important role in innate immunity but have also emerged as mediators of somatic mutations in human cancer. We recently reported a high incidence of APOBEC-mediated driver mutations in human papillomavirus-associated cancer, suggesting a key role for these enzymes in the development of such tumors.

We advance an universal approach to the construction of kinematics in non-inertial and, in particular, rotating reference frames. On its basis, a 10-dimensional space including three projections of velocity vector and three turn angles in geometric space as additional coordinates to time and geometric coordinates is introduced. In a specific case, the turns in 10-space describe the uniform rota...