Twelve percent of ED fall presentations were from a height of 1m or above, one quarter of which required hospitalisation, compared to low falls (ie. less than one metre) of which 14% required hospitalisation. The most common location for all child fall injuries was the home with reduced frequency as the age of the child increased. Conversely, the frequency of falls at areas for sporting activit...

This edition of Hazard examines horse related injury in the VISS database, the Victorian Coroner’s Facilitation System and the Victorian Inpatient Minimum Dataset. The analysis is undertaken in two sections, with the first assessing injuries occurring during horse riding, the second, injuries sustained during other horse related activities. Prevention strategies are a major focus. The article u...

The purpose of this issue of Hazard is to provide an overview of injury deaths in Victoria based on the Victorian Coroner’s Facilitation System. Although these data are not timely, they highlight outstanding causes and identify trends and changes over time to an extent unavailable from other current sources. It updates Hazard 11, June 1992 and provides an insight into the depth of timely data s...

We interpret workers’ confidence in their own skills as their morale, and investigate the implication of worker overconfidence on the firm’s optimal wage-setting policies. In our model, wage contracts both provide incentives and affect worker morale, by revealing private information of the firm about worker skills. We provide conditions for the non-differentiation wage policy to be profit-maxim...

In many pharmaceutical studies, non-inferiority clinical trials are usually conducted because of the difficulty of finding a therapy that has more superior efficacy than a recognized effective one. When planning the non-inferiority clinical trials with a time-to-event endpoint, the calculation of sample size is one of the most fundamental steps. A proper sample size provides reasonable power to...

OBJECTIVE Researchers in public health are often interested in examining the effect of several exposures on the incidence of a recurrent event. The aim of the present study is to assess how well the common-baseline hazard models perform to estimate the effect of multiple exposures on the hazard of presenting an episode of a recurrent event, in presence of event dependence and when the history o...

Managing the uncertainties that arise in disasters – such as ship fire – can be extremely challenging. Previous work has typically focused either on modeling crowd behavior or hazard dynamics, targeting fully known environments. However, when a disaster strikes, uncertainty about the nature, extent and further development of the hazard is the rule rather than the exception. Additionally, crowd ...

We explore the possibility of incorporating historical information, which may take the form of data from previous trials, summary information or information derived from expert opinion into the design of phase II clinical trials with a time-to-event endpoint. We model the survival data by means of the Piecewise Exponential Model and introduce a method by which a prior baseline hazard function i...

original article   in order to achieve safe conditions at workplace should correctly understand the concept of hazard. in the hazard conceptual and common definition this means that dangerous event or situation that may lead to an emergency or disaster. it could also be a biological, chemical, or physical agent in (or a property of) an environment that may have an adverse health effect, or may ...