Quantitative measurements were carried out on the pressure effect of superheating of Al nanoparticles encapsulated in Al2O3 shells without epitaxial interfaces. In situ XRD experiments revealed that encapsulated Al nanoparticles with different particle sizes can be superheated to 7–15 K beyond the bulk equilibrium melting point of Al, and that this is accompanied by a suppressed thermal expansi...

High-speed photography was used to study the collapse of a confined two-dimensional, air cavity in water, subjected to a propagating pressure disturbance. The 5–6 mm diameter cavity was confined in a rectangular duct. A sustained pressure disturbance was created by an accelerating piston in contact with the water 240 mm away from the bubble. The pressure increased from 0.1 MPa to about 0.12 MPa...

Computer-generated sequences simulated observer movement toward 10 randomly placed poles, 1 moving and 9 stationary. When observers judged their direction of movement, or heading, they used 3 related invariants: The (a) convergence and (b) decelerating divergence of any 2 poles specified that heading was to the outside of the nearer pole, and the (c) crossover of 2 poles specified that heading ...

High energy density physics deals with behavior of matter under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. Several fields of research involve high energy density: astrophysics, geophysics, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), explosive and impact loading of materials, Z-pinch devices, etc. All of these fields involve one common feature: i.e., concentration of an intense source of energy in a...

We examine in vivo ejection of noncondensed DNA from tailed bacteriophages into bacteria. The ejection is dominantly governed by the physical conditions in the bacteria. The confinement of the DNA in the virus capsid only slightly helps the ejection, becoming completely irrelevant during its last stages. A simple calculation based on the premise of condensed DNA in the cell enables us to estima...

An upgraded spectral motional Stark effect diagnostic has been installed on the gas-dynamic trap (GDT) experiment to enable spatially resolved measurement of |B|. A new low-noise charge-coupled device detector, combined with enhancements of the diagnostic neutral beam, allows single-shot profile measurements. Previously only single-point motional Stark effect measurements were possible, and det...

The diamagnetic flow due to the radial pressure and temperature gradients and the E × B flow due to the radial electric field induce different turbulent momentum fluxes in a tokamak. As a result, when the diamagnetic and E × B flows cancel giving zero net toroidal rotation, there will still be finite momentum transport. This may be particularly important near the plasma–wall boundary where a st...