An increasing amount of behavioral and neurophysiological data suggests that the brain performs optimal (or near-optimal) probabilistic inference and learning during perception and other tasks. Although many machine learning algorithms exist that perform inference and learning in an optimal way, the complete description of how one of those algorithms (or a novel algorithm) can be implemented in...

Within the framework of shifted-Laplace preconditioners [Erlangga, Vuik, Oosterlee, Appl. Numer. Math., 50(2004), pp.409–425] for the Helmholtz equation, different methods for the approximation of the inverse of a complex-valued Helmholtz operator are discussed. The performance of the preconditioner for Helmholtz problems at high wavenumbers in heterogeneous media is evaluated. Comparison with ...

1 Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany 2 Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany *...

1 Department of Marine Biogeochemistry/Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 2 Department Deep Sea Ecology and Technology/SEAPUMP, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, 3 MARUM and University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, 4 Department Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute ...

A modification of the Northrop-Kunitz microcataphoresis cell is described. Although the theory of von Smoluchowski relating to such systems is in general followed, certain deviations may be encountered which are easily avoided.