Contextual BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase over-activity determines in formulated fashion the emergence of proliferation and anti-apoptosis that arise largely as derived phenomena of otherwise homeostatic mechanisms of the c-ABL gene within hematopoietic stem cells and hemangioblasts in the bone marrow. The ability to suppress almost completely, both in terms of phenotype and cytogenetically, the myelo...

Formation of the vascular system is a landmark event during development. Normal development and function of virtually all organs rely on the feeding and gas exchanges mediated by the vascular system. Although the establishment of the vascular system requires a complex developmental process involving multiple cell types, the initial formation of the rudimentary vascular network is primarily acco...

Rationale: A well-developed coronary collateral circulation improves the morbidity and mortality of patients following an acute coronary occlusion. Although regenerative medicine has great potential in stimulating vascular growth in the heart, to date there have been mixed results, and the ideal cell type for this therapy has not been resolved. Objective: To generate induced vascular progenitor...

The I n v o l v e m e n t o f CBFs in H u m a n Disease Consistent chromosomal rearrangements are found in a large number of hematopoietic tumors. In many cases, these rearrangements disrupt genes whose normal function is required for the proper development of blood cells. Excellent examples are the chromosomal rearrangements t(8;21)(q22;q22), t(12;21)(p13;q22), and inv(16)(p13q22) that disrupt...

The formation of coronary collateral vessels constitutes a compensatory adaptation of the heart to ischemia. This vascular response increases blood supply to the myocardium reducing the area of hypoxic damage and, ultimately, infarct size. The recruitment of collateral vessels within the coronary circulation is favored by multiple episodes of ischemia, which provide the stimuli necessary for th...

To the Editor: The article by Tomanek et al1 presents well the in vivo data on the requirement of VEGF family members for tubulogenesis and coronary artery formation. The authors observed that VEGF-Trap (a chimera of R1 and R2), apart from precluding formation of coronary arteries, causes a massive accumulation of erythrocytes in the subepicardium and in the interventricular septum. The importa...

Myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and atherosclerosis of arteries supplying the heart, brain, and lower extremities are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The abundance of native preexisting collateral vessels in tissues, and their anatomic lumen enlargement induced by arterial obstruction (remodeling or arteriogenesis) are major determinants of the severity of ischemic tissue inj...

A great amount of progress has been made in the last few years in elucidating the mechanisms of how blood vessels are formed in both normal and pathological processes. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are critical pathways in embryonic development. Aberrant angiogenesis is a major contributor to tumor growth and ocular disease. The discovery of positive and negative regulators of angiogenesis ha...

The formation of the cardiovascular system starts in the mouse embryo at approximately embryonic day (E)7.0 to E7.5. The first blood vessels in the extraembryonic membranes, the major intraembryonic vessels, and the heart form by vasculogenesis, the in situ differentiation of mesodermal cells that give rise to “blood-islands.” The latter are composed of hemangioblasts, the common precursors of ...

V hematopoiesis is a richly complex developmental system in which many transcription factors have essential and nonredundant roles (1). Some factors act as prominent controllers of differentiation in specific cell lineages, others are needed for stem cell generation, and others are needed for both. In this system, precise levels of one transcription factor relative to another in the same cell c...