ognized as responsible for renal disease in tropical areas. Renal manifestations are mainly associated with two parasites: (i) Plasmodium malariae, which usually gives rise to an immune-complex mediated mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (GN) several weeks after the onset of symptoms; and (ii) Plasmodium falciparum, which can cause different types of renal alterations, ranging from asymptomat...

Renal hypertension is due to or associated with congenital, inherited or acquired forms of renal disease. The commonest cause is some form of parenchymal disease with reflux nephropathy and the chronic glomerulopathies being the most important categories. Renovascular disease, although only constituting 10% of secondary hypertension in childhood, is important in view of its potential for cure b...

In the past decade major advances in our understanding of renal tubular hydrogen ion secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption have provided new insight into the pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis. Thus "fragment to fragment clings" and the number of disorders categorized within the syndrome grows, until we have come to know and name four types, with many subtypes. We hope this new perspect...

Mitochondria are intracellular organelles with a variety of vital functions, including the provision of energy in the form of adenosine 5'-triphosphate. Increasingly, we are becoming more aware of the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in a number of common medical conditions. In this review and overview, we focus on the growing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in either...

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously produced short noncoding regulatory RNAs that can repress gene expression by posttranscriptional mechanisms. They can therefore influence both normal and pathological conditions in diverse biological systems. Several miRNAs have been detected in kidneys, where they have been found to be crucial for renal development and normal physiological functions as well a...

In 2002, it was proposed to consider functional renal disorders 3 and more months in duration under the general name chronic renal disease (CRD) bearing in mind the common mechanism behind progressive nephropathy and high cardiovascular mortality of such patients. The prevalence of CRD in Russia is unknown; it is supposed that every tenth adult in the world has CRD. Diagnostics of CRD requires ...

This paper presents experience in monitoring renal ultrasound data in patients with pancreatonecrosis from 20 to 60 years. It is also present two clinical cases of renal urodynamics in destructive forms of acute pancreatitis. Edematous form of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cause violations not only secretion but also excretory function of the nephros. In patients with pancreatic necrosis ac...

Metastatic pulmonary calcifications, unlike dystrophic calcifications, occur in the normal healthy lung. The radiological pattern is quite specific. The disease is commonly described in chronic renal failure with calcium disorders. The prognosis is totally unpredictable. In 1992, a 50 yr old man underwent a successful renal transplantation during the final stage of chronic renal failure. He sub...

Regulation of intracellular and extracellular potassium concentration is a fundamental process vital for cellular metabolism. Potassium intake, from the diet, is carefully balanced with excretion of potassium via the renal tract and gastrointestinal losses. Following a potassium load, extra-renal buffering of potassium occurs in peripheral tissues prior to its excretion. Thus potassium regulati...

The renal glomerulus, the site of plasma ultrafiltration and the production of primary urine (1), is the locus of a number of progressive disorders that lead to chronic renal insufficiency. Before the advent of renal replacement therapies, these diseases invariably led to death by uremia. Still, while these treatments save, or at least extend, patient’s lives, they do so at an enormous price, b...