The UK incidence of hepatitis B is falling. About 245 cases were reported per quarter in 1998-a marked decrease from just under 2000 reports in 1984. However, the prevalence remains high in other parts of the world and appreciably higher amongst healthcare workers. In Israel in 1994 the seroprevalence of anti-HBc was 10% in the general population but 24% in hospital employees; no significant ch...

Japan is well known as a country with a strong health record. However its incidence rates of vaccine preventable diseases (VPD) such as hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella remain higher than other developed countries. This article reviews the factors that contribute to the high rates of VPD in Japan. These include historical and political factors that delayed the introduction of...

OBJECTIVE To determine the duration of protection from hepatitis B vaccine given in infancy and early childhood. DESIGN Cross sectional serological study of hepatitis B virus infection in children of various ages 14 years after the start of a trial of vaccination regimens. SETTING Two villages in the Gambia. PARTICIPANTS Children and adolescents given hepatitis B vaccine in infancy or ear...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B vaccination is critical in preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and transmission. However, the impact of obesity on immune response to hepatitis B vaccine remains unclear. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of the literature and summarized the results of immune response to hepatitis B vaccine among persons with and without obesity. We used Pubmed, Embase, Web ...

Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. The liver is just one of several organs that the viruses affect. There are several hepatitis viruses; they have been named types A, B, C, D, E and G. The most common types of viral hepatitis are HAV, HBV and HCV. The different hepatitis are transmitted by various routes such as Parenteral transmission, Sexual transmission, sporadic cases, Transmission ...

background immunization is an essential issue in primary health care, which has a tremendous impact on infection prevention. objectives this study aimed to determine the immunization status of health care personnel (hcp) and adult patients admitted at teaching hospitals. conclusions the low rate of immunization warrants implementation of novel protocols in adults as well as implying on educatio...

This article presents the World Health Organizations (WHO) recommendations onthe use of hepatitis A vaccine excerpted from the WHO position paper on hepatitis A vaccines - June 2012 recently published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record [1]. The current document replaces the position paper on the use of hepatitis A vaccines published in 2000 [2] and incorporates the most recent developments in...

In October 1982, virologists, molecular biologists, epidemiologists, diagnosticians, oncologists, and pathologists from around the world gathered in Munich, West Germany, for the Second International Max von Pettenkofer Symposium on Viral Hepatitis. The purpose of this meeting was to focus on the common interests of clinicians and laboratory investigators in the ever-burgeoning discipline of vi...