After more than 20 years of cyclosporine use its nephrotoxicity remains a significant clinical problem. Cyclosporine-induced renal injury has been described in solid organs recipients and in patients treated for autoimmune diseases. It is manifested in 2 distinct and well characterized forms, acute nephrotoxicity and chronic nephrotoxicity. This communication reviews the current literature anal...

BACKGROUND In the past, impurities in vancomycin formulations were thought to contribute to nephrotoxicity. In contrast, when current, purer formulations are dosed at conventional trough levels (i.e., 5-15 mg/L), the incidence of nephrotoxicity is relatively low. Recent guidelines have recommended targeting higher vancomycin trough levels in treatment of complicated methicillin-resistant Staphy...

Background: Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent used to treat many malignancies; however, the main side effect of cisplatin is nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydration therapy with and without magnesium on prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 46 patients with malignancy who were candidate to rec...

N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol (APAP), also known as acetaminophen, is the most commonly used over-the counter analgesic and antipyretic medication. However, its overdose leads to both liver and kidney damage. APAP-induced toxicity is considered as one of the primary causes of acute liver failure; numerous scientific reports have focused majorly on APAP hepatotoxicity. Alternatively, not many works app...

conclusions nearly one-third (27.5%) of our cohort developed nephrotoxicity within the first week of amb treatment. hypokalemia and renal potassium wasting were more notable, affecting about one-half and one-third of the amb recipients, respectively. results among the 40 patients recruited for the study, 11 (27.5%) patients developed amb nephrotoxicity with a mean ± standard deviation onset of ...

PURPOSE Loco-regional control and organ preservation are significantly improved with concomitant cisplatin/radiotherapy and are compromised with less than 5% grade 3 nephrotoxicity (creatinine clearance 15-29 mL/min). However, although clinically important, in none of the randomized trials is grade 2 nephrotoxicity (defined as creatinine clearance 59-30 mL/min) mentioned. In this study, we asse...

Heart transplant recipients develop systemic hypertension (SH), which is generally difficult to clinically control, requiring the use of several antihypertensive drugs. The pathophysiology involves the action of cyclosporine through the following mechanisms: alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic system, in prostaglandin and thromboxane A2 levels, in plasmatic endothel...

Although cisplatin is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs, nephrotoxicity remains a major doselimiting side effect. To reduce the incidence of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, we analyzed possible risk factors in 349 patients who received cisplatin (15-120 mg/m2) for the first cycle of chemotherapy between April 2011 and March 2014. Nephrotoxicity was defined as serum creatinine eleva...

the incidence of drug induced liver injury (dili) is about 1/1000 to 1/10000 among patients who receive therapeutic drug doses. drug induced hepatotoxicity is a major cause of acute and chronic liver disease. the severity of liver damage ranges from nonspecific changes in liver structure to acute liver failure, cirrhosis and liver cancer. some common agents that can cause liver injury are aceta...

The central role of the liver in drug metabolism sets the stage for drug-related hepatotoxicity. The incidence of hepatotoxicity associated with non-narcotic analgesics is low, but their widespread use both prescription and over-the-counter-makes analgesic-associated hepatotoxicity a clinically and economically important problem. Hepatotoxicity is considered a class characteristic of nonsteroid...