Previously controlled vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) are in resurgence. To date, there have been 477 confirmed measles cases in the United States in 2014, the most in 18 years. In 2013 there were ∼25 000 pertussis cases in the United States. Vaccine refusal has been associated with outbreaks of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, varicella, pneumococcal disease, measles, and pe...

In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, John Glasser and colleagues report the results of a spatially-stratifi ed model to better understand the dynamics of disease outbreaks and the link with vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Using data for 39 132 children starting elementary school in San Diego County, CA, USA, in 2008 (2% of whom had a personal-belief exception to vaccines), the authors show the eff...

In order to be prepared against potential balance-breaking risks affecting economic development, more and more countries have recognized emergency response solutions evaluation (ERSE) as an indispensable activity in their governance of sustainable development. Traditional multiple criteria group decision making (MCGDM) approaches to ERSE have been facing simultaneous challenging characteristics...

Introduction: Covid-19 related vaccine hesitancy is a major problem worldwide and it risks delaying the global effort to control pandemic. also higher in certain communities. Given that prescriber recommendation community engagement are two effective ways of addressing hesitancy, training university students become vaccination champions could be way as engage with their communities multiple ide...

Background: Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy is prime hurdle in control and eradication of pandemic. The rapid Procedure development new vaccines resulted a lot false information rumors leading to decrease trust the public safetyand effectiveness vaccine. Aim: To study frequency causes amid population Lahore. Methods: This cross sectional design was done on sample 385 participants from lahore were in...