Phylogenetic nomenclature (e.g., de Queiroz & Gauthier, 1990, 1992, 1994; Camino & de Queiroz, 2000) is an alternative to the traditional system of nomenclature described in the bacteriological, botanical, and zoological codes (e.g., Sneath, 1992; Ride & al., 1999; Greater & al., 2000). The most fundamental difference between phylogenetic and traditional nomenclature concerns the manner in whic...

C. psittaci, C. pneumoniae, C. abortus, and C. suis (6–10). To our knowledge, this member of the family Chlamydiaceae has been seen in amphibians, but not in other vertebrate hosts. The 16S rRNA analysis showed this taxon to belong to a clade with Candidatus Clavochlamydia salmonicola, a taxon found in fi sh. The phylogenetic position of the novel taxon in the family Chlamydiaceae thus roughly ...

Evolutionary events such as incomplete lineage sorting and lateral gene transfers constitute major problems for inferring species trees from gene trees, as they can sometimes lead to gene trees which conflict with the underlying species tree. One particularly simple and efficient way to infer species trees from gene trees under such conditions is to combine three-taxon analyses for several gene...

This study provides the first statistically significant evidence that mechanisms of how pair bonds are created or maintained differ between gibbon taxa. We examine bond in captive pairs three genera gibbons (Hylobatidae): siamangs (Symphalangus, N = 17 pairs), crested (Nomascus, 7 and pileated (Hylobates pileatus, 9 pairs). In part this study, we determine generally-accepted indicators pair-bon...

The name “Cetartiodactyla” was proposed in 1997 to reflect the molecular data that suggested Cetacea is closely related Artiodactyla. Since then, taxon has spread popularity, even outside scientific literature. However, implications of are confusing, because and Artiodactyla not sister-taxa. Instead, evidence clearly shows cetaceans a group embedded within Artiodactyla, sister-taxon equal rank....

Melatonin is catabolized both enzymatically and nonenzymatically. Nonenzymatic processes mediated by free radicals, singlet oxygen, other reactive intermediates such as HOCl and peroxynitrite, or pseudoenzymatic mechanisms are not species- or tissue-specific, but vary considerably in their extent. Higher rates of nonenzymatic melatonin metabolism can be expected upon UV exposure, e.g., in plant...

Introduction Conclusions References

Abstract Certain special-shaped devices, such as traveling wave tubes, can be called hollow cylindrical structures in aerospace engineering and other applications. However, the structural complexity of devices means that their heat dissipation characteristics cannot measured directly using conventional techniques. The present work describes a method to measure devices’ thermal resistance by sem...