Policy-makers targeting reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have a variety of instruments at their disposal (emission taxes excluded). Policies implemented thus far such as the Kyoto protocol, EU’s Emission Trading Scheme, and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in the US north-east, suggest that the preferred instrument is an emission quota per polluter. The prinicipal activity targ...

The EPA will issue rules regulating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from existing steam boilers and refineries in 2012. A crucial issue affecting the scope and cost of emissions reductions will be the potential introduction of flexibility in compliance, including averaging across groups of facilities. This research investigates the role of compliance flexibility for the most important of these s...

A multiobjective optimization model integrating with high-resolution geographical data was applied to examine the optimal switchgrass supply system in Tennessee that considers both feedstock cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the system. Results suggest that the type of land converted into switchgrass production is crucial to both plant gate cost and GHG emissions of feedstock. In addit...

Jurisdictions across the globe are implementing CO2 emissions reduction policies. These policies typically ignore most locational issues, probably because the consequences of greenhouse gas emissions do not depend on the exact emission location. However, the response to emission policies and the costs and effectiveness of emissions reduction in power systems are locational in nature. This paper...

26 This paper presents a multidisciplinary , bottom-up approach for estimation and analysis of 27 the direct carbon emissions, and the organic carbon (OC) stored in gardens, using a sample 28 of 575 households across a UK city. The direct carbon emissions were those from domestic 29 end-use energy demand by each household: gas, electricity and personal transport. The 30 stored OC was the carbon...

Advances in technologies for extracting oil and gas from shale formations have dramatically increased U.S. production of natural gas. As production expands domestically and abroad, natural gas prices will be lower than without shale gas. Lower prices have two main effects: increasing overall energy consumption, and encouraging substitution away from sources such as coal, nuclear, renewables, an...

Greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural ecosystem account for 7%–20% of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions, while approximately 17% of China’s carbon emissions are from agriculture. In this study, based on the scientific calculation system of carbon emissions in agriculture, we calculated the carbon emissions of agriculture in the Hotan prefecture between 1999 and 2013 and analyz...

BACKGROUND The degradation of forests in developing countries, particularly those within tropical and subtropical latitudes, is perceived to be an important contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impacts of forest degradation are understudied and poorly understood, largely because international emission reduction programs have focused on deforestation, which is easier to d...