Cross field amplifiers (CFA) h ave been used in many applications where high power, high frequency microwaves are needed. Although these tubes have been manufactured for decades, theoretical analysis of their properties is not as highly developed as for other microwave devices such as klystrons. % We have developed a simulation model for CFAs using the PIC code CONDOR. Our simulations indicate ...

BACKGROUND Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold-standard method for the calculation of cardiac volumes. Transthoracic impedance cardiography assesses the cardiac output. No studies validating this measurement, in comparison to that obtained by magnetic resonance imaging, are available. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of transthoracic impedance cardiography in the ca...

Dipole antenna is the simplest and widely used antenna in telecommunication applications which consists of two identical conductive metal wires. Dipole antenna performance is dependent on many parameters such as metal conductivity, length, radius of wire, surrounding medium, feeding point and etc. but, In this article, we are studying the effect of length and radius on the performance of these ...

Figure 1 shows the equivalent circuit of a transimpedance amplifier and a high-impedance source. IS represents the output current of the source. CS is the sum of the source’s output capacitance and the op amp’s input capacitance. RF, with the help of the op amp, converts IS to a voltage. At low frequencies, the op amp’s inverting input is forced to be at ground potential and IS must flow throug...

In this paper, a novel circuit realizing the square rooting function in current-mode is presented. The circuit makes use of a recently proposed active building block (ABB), namely the current controlled current differencing transconductance amplifier (CCCDTA). The circuit offers the following advantages: (i) a complete current-mode circuit makes it suitable for current-mode signal processing ap...