The effect of elevated human muscle temperature on energy turnover was investigated during cycling exercise (at 85 % of (VO(2)max)) at a contraction frequency of 60 revs min(-1). Muscle temperature was passively elevated prior to exercise by immersion of the legs in a hot water bath (42 degrees C). During exercise at this low pedalling rate, total energy turnover was higher (P<0.05) when muscle...

Solid-solid phase transitions are the most ubiquitous in nature, and many technologies rely on them. However, studying them in detail is difficult because of the extreme conditions (high pressure/temperature) under which many such transitions occur and the high-resolution equipment needed to capture the intermediate states of the transformations. These difficulties mean that basic questions rem...

Fuel flexibility is a significant advantage of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and can be attributed to their high operating temperature. Here we consider a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell setup in which a separate fuel reformer is not required. We construct a multidimensional, detailed model of a planar solid oxide fuel cell, where mass transport in the fuel channel is modeled u...