We consider the determination of the optimal ne for noncompliance by a legislator who anticipates the inspection game between an autonomous inspection agency and polluting rms. This agency can make the inspection of individual rms contingent on ambient pollution. The agency's autonomy implies that it cannot commit itself to announced inspection probabilities. If the legislator centralizes the d...

What role does the provision of information by special interest groups play in changing public perceptions about environmental issues, and on the formation of public policy? To date, much of the environmental policy literature has focussed on lobbying efforts by special interest groups in which direct policy contingent contributions are made to the government. However, spending by special inter...

Surfactants have wide use all over world. This study summarizes the characteristics and classification of surfactants. Surfactants have wide application in commodity and industry. A large number of surfactant containing wastewater are discharged into the environment, resulting in harming aquatic life, polluting the water and endangering human health. Therefore, it is important to monitor and co...

Strain Pantoea agglomerans JM1 was isolated from the soil of a microbiome that had been exposed to polluting pharmaceuticals. The bacterium exhibited enzymatic activities useful for the biotransformation of beta-lactams. The genome of the strain was assembled and described, and the gene encoding valacyclovir-like hydrolase was identified.

We consider a pollution permits market in which there are a large polluting firm plays and a fringe of competitive firms. To smooth compliance towards the longrun emissions goal, firms are initially allocated a stock (i.e., bank) of permits to be gradually consumed. We first show how the large firm can credibly manipulate the spot market in subgame-perfect equilibrium. Motivated by features obs...

We consider an inspection game between an arbitrary number of polluting rms and an agency who can choose to monitor ambient pollution. We obtain an equilibrium where all rms comply with the same probability and where the inspection agency inspects all rms individually if ambient pollution exceeds an endogenous threshold. If the ne for noncompliance is high enough, the agency's costs are lower t...

In order for the enemy, the Anti-Christ forces, to make Christian society ripe for takeover, they have to de-Christianize it by softening it; that is, making life easy, convenient, full of pleasures, amusements, and diversions. At the same time they have to ensure we become sick in mind, body, and spirit by polluting our minds with false ideologies, polluting our food and environment with chemi...