A 45-year-old housewife entered the hospital because of abdominal pain and increasingly severe hypertension moderately well controlled by methyldopa. Both complaints had been present for only two years. The patient stated that for many months a dull epigastric pain frequently occurred after meals. The pain was aggravated by eating, but vomiting eased it. She had lost 10 kg of weight in the prec...

The global regulator Mlc is a repressor of several genes and operons that are involved in sugar uptake and metabolism. A Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mlc mutant showed reduced levels of invasion and cytotoxicity compared to the wild-type, and exhibited reduced expression levels of hilD, hilA and invF, which are regulatory genes in the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). However...

An important aspect of image and print quality is the existence of artifacts, such as compression or print artifacts. A general perceptual masking model, that describes the perceptual severity of artifacts on general background, could have been used to extract specific artifact detectors. However, currently general models are not mature enough to provide print artifact detectors for commercial ...

The development of the carrier state in swine after infection with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) has not been elucidated yet. Possibly, phagocytes like macrophages play a crucial role. It was the aim of the present study to characterize the interaction of a S. Typhimurium strain and its hilA and ssrA mutants with porcine peripheral blood monocytes (PBM). Exposure of porcine PB...

OBJECTIVE To show the morphometric patterns of lymph nodes of the head and neck, evaluating their number, shape, dimensions, hilum, and cortex, through the use of ultrasound examination of the neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 400 right and left lymph nodes in a group of 20 healthy young and middle-aged individuals of both genders. RESULTS In the ultrasound examination, we observed th...

Indirect readout mechanisms of transcription control rely on the recognition of DNA shape by transcription factors (TFs). TFs may also employ a direct readout mechanism that involves the reading of the base sequence in the DNA major groove at the binding site. TFs with winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) motifs use an alpha helix to read the base sequence in the major groove while inserting a beta s...

case on November 7, 1958, with a six-years' history of asthma and gradually increasing breathlessness on exertion. The family history revealed asthma in his sister and his daughter. Over the past year he had suffered from midsternal pain on exertion, relieved by rest, nocturia, and swelling of the ankles. For two days before admission his asthma became increasingly severe, having been precipita...

The Salmonella typhimurium genome contains two pathogenicity islands (SPI) with genes encoding type III secretion systems for virulence proteins. SPI1 is required for the penetration of the epithelial layer of the intestine. SPI2 is important for the subsequent proliferation of bacteria in the spleens of infected hosts. Although most mutations in SPI2 lead to a strong reduction of virulence, th...

Limited knowledge is available about the virulence mechanisms responsible for diarrheal disease caused by Salmonella typhimurium. To assess the contribution to diarrheal disease of virulence determinants identified in models of infection, we tested a collection of S. typhimurium mutants for their ability to cause enteritis in calves. S. typhimurium strains carrying mutations in the virulence pl...

A 67-year-old man presented to the Accident and Emergency department in September 2004 with cough and sudden shortness of breath. In 2002, he had suffered a left occipital infarct that presented as a transient ischaemic attack. In 2003, he sustained bilateral cerebellar infarcts that left him with residual tremor and ataxia (Figure 1). He took regular aspirin, clopidogrel and simvastatin for se...