The northeastern Caribbean region experienced a record-breaking sea surface warming and prolonged mass bleaching during 2005. This event resulted in significant mortality of the principal Caribbean reef-building coral Montastraea annularis. We evaluated the demographics and size structure of a M. annularis population before, during, and after this event; stochastically simulated the population ...

issues of science and politics. Because of their significant and visceral impacts, discussion of extreme events is a frequent locus of such conflation. Linda Mearns, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), aptly characterizes this context: “There’s a push on climatologists to say something about extremes, because they are so important. But that can be very dangerous if we really...

347 MARCH 2008 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | T ropical cyclones account for the majority of natural catastrophic losses in the developed world and, next to floods, are the leading cause of death and injury among natural disasters affecting developing countries (UNDP/BCPR 2004). It is thus of some interest to understand how their behavior is affected by climate change, whether natural or ant...

ABSTRUCT: Recently, in the attention in response to global warming issues and sustainable society, the manufacturing using natural materials has become actively. Bamboo, low cost, fast growing, and broad distribution of growth, is expected to contribute significantly to earthquake-resistant construction and seismic retrofit technology in the developing countries. The authors also have been stud...

We analyze important forces that hamper the formation of successful self-enforcing agreements to mitigate global warming. The analysis combines two modules: a) a computable general equilibrium model that captures the feedback between the economy, environmental damages and the climate system and b) a game theoretic model that determines stable coalitions in the presence of free-riding incentives...

Models predict that global warming may increase aridity in water-limited ecosystems by accelerating evapotranspiration. We show that interactions between warming and the dominant biota in a grassland ecosystem produced the reverse effect. In a 2-year field experiment, simulated warming increased spring soil moisture by 5-10% under both ambient and elevated CO2. Warming also accelerated the decl...

With increase in global warming, the problems of hyperthermia have recently attracted worldwide medical attention. Deaths due to heat-related illnesses in large number of human population in recent years are now recognised as a great social and medical problem. Interestingly, details of mechanisms involved and probable therapeutic measures have still not been worked out and thus require further...

In coastal environments, evaporation is an important driver of subsurface salinity gradients in marsh systems. However, it has not been addressed in the intertidal zone of sandy beaches. Here, we used field data on an estuarine beach foreshore with numerical simulations to show that evaporation causes upper intertidal zone pore-water salinity to be double that of seawater. We found the increase...

Phosphorus can be removed from wastewater biologically, chemically, or through a combination of the two. In this study, we applied environmental life-cycle assessment to develop a metric with which decision-makers can compare processes. Two phosphorus-removal scenarios were contrasted-one based on a desktop-level design and one based on full-scale operational data. To achieve 0.5 mg/L effluent ...

probably a change in living conditions. Even in the poorest US communities, most people now live and work in airconditioned buildings, or are at least protected by insect screens. In addition, the spacing of houses and other buildings has increased because modern urban areas have evolved around the motor vehicle. As a result, population density is much lower than in the past, a major impediment...