purpose : to evaluate the effect of induced esophoria and exophoria on distance stereoacuity at 6 meters methods : fifty subjects with distance corrected or uncorrected visual acuity of 6/6 and orthophoria without history of amblyopia, strabismus or any ocular pathology were recruited and distance stereoacuity was measured by howard-dolman test before and after introducing 2, 4, 6 and 8δ base i...

purpose : churg-strauss syndrome (css) is a rare form of small vessel necrotizing vasculitis. retinal artery and vein occlusion are very rare findings in these patients and they are treated by high-dose corticosteroids and cytotoxics. we describe a rare case of css under high-dose corticosteroids and cytotoxic treatment, presenting central retinal artery occlusion (crao). case report : a 45-yea...

1Augenzentrum Nymphenburger Höfe and Augenklinik Herzog Carl Theodor, München, Germany 2Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 3Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 4Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA 5Department of Ophthalmology, Universida...

Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA Department of Ophthalmology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan Moorfields Eye Hospital, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK Institute of Ophthalmology, Unive...

background: academic medicine is in a state of dramatic transformation. for this reason strategic thinking is the most essential part of educational planning. the main purpose of the present study was developing the strategic educational planning of ophthalmology in iran from 2007 to 2010 methods: a qualitative investigation using focus group discussion has been implemented successfully for dev...

purpose : to report an unusual presentation of chandler syndrome case report : a 22-year-old female came to our clinic with complaint of progressive visual loss in her left eye since three days ago. she had a history of trauma with finger-nail to her left eye eight days ago and had been managed with topical antibiotic. in her examination, the left eye had visual acuity (va) of counting finger a...