Transgenic mice, homozygous for HIV-1 protease expression in the eye lens, display degradation of some lens crystallins and cytoskeletal proteins prior to cataract formation on postnatal days 23-25. Alterations to the internal lens hydration state also occur; therefore, the status of the aquaporin protein MIP26 was examined over postnatal days 16-25 to determine if it was altered during catarac...

The design, development and clinical success of HIV protease inhibitors represent one of the most remarkable achievements of molecular medicine. This review describes all nine currently available FDA-approved protease inhibitors, discusses their pharmacokinetic properties, off-target activities, side-effects, and resistance profiles. The compounds in the various stages of clinical development a...

Background: Malaria and HIV/AIDS are rampant in subSaharan Africa with prevalence of one reinforcing the other control impactful on other. parasitaemia (MP) is increased HIV-infected individuals while certain drugs used latter cause decline MP but it uncertain how they affect malaria antigenaemia (MA). How bio-social disease characteristics MA this cohort unknown.
 Objectives: To determine...

OBJECTIVE Although HIV protease inhibitors have been successfully used against HIV infection, many metabolic side effects and premature cardiovascular diseases are often associated with this therapy. The mechanisms of these complications are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir on human endothelial cell cultures. METHODS AND RESULTS By u...

OBJECTIVE Our aim is to use multi-dimensional Bayesian network classifiers in order to predict the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors given an input set of respective resistance mutations that an HIV patient carries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-dimensional Bayesian network classifiers (MBCs) are probabilistic graphical models especially d...

UNLABELLED Several papers have been published where nonlinear machine learning algorithms, e.g. artificial neural networks, support vector machines and decision trees, have been used to model the specificity of the HIV-1 protease and extract specificity rules. We show that the dataset used in these studies is linearly separable and that it is a misuse of nonlinear classifiers to apply them to t...

INTRODUCTION HIV-infected children and adolescents treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens that include a protease inhibitor (PI) can show significant improvements in clinical outcomes, nutritional status and quality of life. The study aimed to report nutritional and metabolic alterations for pediatric patients continuously exposed to HAART and for healthy controls fo...

HIV-1 drug resistance is caused by mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease enzymes, the molecular targets of antiretroviral therapy. At the beginning of the year 2000, two expert panels recommended that HIV-1 RT and protease susceptibility testing be used to help select antiretroviral drugs for HIV-1-infected patients. Genotypic assays have been developed to detect HIV-1 mutati...

BACKGROUND Direct acting antivirals (DAA) targeting the HCV serine protease and RNA polymerase have recently entered clinical development. Information about primary resistance to these compounds in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients is scarce. METHODS All individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 at several clinics in Madrid between 2000 and 2010 were tested for serum HCV antibody and HCV RNA. The NS3 ...

Antiviral inhibitors of HIV-1 protease are a notable success of structure-based drug design and have dramatically improved AIDS therapy. Analysis of the structures and activities of drug resistant protease variants has revealed novel molecular mechanisms of drug resistance and guided the design of tight-binding inhibitors for resistant variants. The plethora of structures reveals distinct molec...