BACKGROUND HLA typing and the time a patient has spent on the waiting list are the primary criteria used to allocate cadaveric kidneys for transplantation in the United States. Candidates with no HLA-A, B, and DR mismatches are given top priority, followed by candidates with the fewest mismatches at the HLA-B and DR loci; this policy contributes to a higher transplantation rate among whites tha...

HLA-DR antigens and autoantibodies to the nuclear or cytoplasmic antigens Ro/SSA, La/SSB, Sm, and RNP were determined in North American and Austrian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Analysis of the association of antibodies to these ribonucleic acid (RNA)-protein antigens with HLA-DR antigens showed that HLA-DR3 was related to the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB, or both...

Thymomodulin (TMD), a thymic biological response modifier, stimulates the release of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in macrophage-lymphocyte cultures. We investigated the effects of the cytokines released in cultures with TMD, on the expression of human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) antigens by alveolar macrophages (AM) and the T-cell ...

In addition to ultrasonographic monitoring of folliculogenesis, urinary luteinizing hormone testing, luteal phase endometrial biopsy, serum antiphospholipid antibodies, etc., immunologic tests are recently being used to evaluate reproductive disorders. In this study, sharing of HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens and the presence of antipaternal cytotoxic antibody (APCA) was assessed using microcyt...

Signals transmitted by class II major histocompatibility complex are important regarding cell function related to antigen presentation. We examined effects of DR-mediated signaling on Ig production from B cells. Cross-linking HLA-DR molecules on B cells by solid-phase anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies, led to an increased production of IgM, without proliferation or apoptosis. This event was acc...

The expression of HLA-DR antigens by normal myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM) has been linked to inhibition of colony growth by prostaglandin E (PGE), while resistance to the inhibitory effects of PGE in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been attributed to a lower fraction of HLA-DR+ CFU-GM in this disease. However, we have previously shown that virtually all CFU-GM in normal bone marrow (NBM)...

The HLA system consists of a group of cell surface proteins encoded for by genes located on the short arm of chromosome 6. Since the discovery of this system in the 1950s, it has become clear that HLA molecules play an important role in controlling immune responses generated by the interaction of these proteins with foreign antigens. Humans have three class 1 HLA antigens (A, B, and C) that are...

For human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to be used clinically, it is imperative that immune responses evoked by hESCs and their derivates after transplantation should be prevented. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and ABO blood group antigens are important histocompatibility factors in graft rejection. HLA matching between recipient and unrelated donors, in particular, is important in improving ou...

The expression of activated cell antigens (Ags) on adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cells at different clinical stages (acute, chronic, and smoldering), and ATL cells from enlarged lymph nodes were studied using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). The expressions of CD25 (Tac), CD28, T9 (transferrin receptor), and Ki-67 (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) Ags were high, and that of CD7 Ag was low in bot...