5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) was recently detected as the sixth base in mammalian tissue at so far controversial levels. The function of the modified base is currently unknown, but it is certain that the base is generated from 5-methylcytosine (mC). This fuels the hypothesis that it represents an intermediate of an active demethylation process, which could involve further oxidation of the hydr...

5-methylcytosine (5-mC) can be sequentially oxidized to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-foC), and finally to 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC), which is thought to function in active DNA cytosine demethylation in mammals. Although the roles of 5-mC in epigenetic regulation of gene expression are well established, the effects of 5-hmC, 5-foC and 5-caC on DNA replication remain uncl...

In agroecosystems, effective straw return modes are one of the key practices for increasing soil fertility and carbon (C) availability. Although they improve quality, there is currently little information available regarding influence distinct with respect to potential organic (SOC) sequestration. this study, we established a five-year (2015–2019) field experiment in Mollisols Northeast China, ...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of high-moisture corn (HMC), either whole or ground, fed separately from concentrate and straw on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, whole tract digestibility, and nitrogen balance. Twenty-four Holstein heifers (199 ± 5.5 kg BW and 157 ± 6.9 d age) housed in individual pens were assigned to 3 treatments: 1) whole (unprocessed) HMC fed...

The Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm currently is the favorite scheme to simulate quantum chromodynamics including dynamical fermions. In this talk— which is intended for a non-expert audience—I want to bring together methodical and practical aspects of the HMC for full QCD simulations. I will comment on its merits and shortcomings, touch recent improvements and try to forecast its efficiency...

In an effort to avoid random-walk behaviour, many Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods use proposals based on dynamics related to the target distribution. The Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) is based on Hamiltonian dynamics and others the potential advantage of allowing global moves while retaining high probability acceptance. After reviewing the HMC method, I shall study strategies for the construction o...

The decorin gene encodes a proteoglycan with putative structural and regulatory functions whose expression is markedly increased in human mesangial cells (HMC) exposed to high concentrations of glucose (15 to 30 mM). The gene has two promoters (P1 and P2) upstream of two alternative first exons. Transcripts driven by both promoters are present in HMC maintained in 4 mM D-glucose medium. After e...

BACKGROUND Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a homozygous GAA repeat expansion mutation within intron 1 of the FXN gene, which induces epigenetic changes and FXN gene silencing. Bisulfite sequencing studies have identified 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) DNA methylation as one of the epigenetic changes that may be involved in this process. However, analysis of samples by bisulfite sequencing is a t...

Mesangial cell proliferation and growth factor over-expression are characteristic features of several glomerular diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent mitogen, is expressed in podocytes in the glomerulus, and VEGF receptors (flt-1, KDR, and neuropilin-1) are present on endothelial cells and other cell types. This study examined whether human mesangial cells (HMC) express...

The loss of green coloration via chlorophyll (Chl) degradation typically occurs during leaf senescence. To date, many Chl catabolic enzymes have been identified and shown to interact with light harvesting complex II to form a Chl degradation complex in senescing chloroplasts; this complex might metabolically channel phototoxic Chl catabolic intermediates to prevent oxidative damage to cells. Th...