BACKGROUND The concurrent rise in consumption of fresh chicken meat and human campylobacteriosis in the late 1990's in Iceland led to a longitudinal study of the poultry industry to identify the means to decrease the frequency of broiler flock colonization with Campylobacter. Because horizontal transmission from the environment is thought to be the most likely source of Campylobacter to broiler...

Antibiotic resistance determinants are frequently associated with plasmids and other mobile genetic elements, which simplifies their horizontal transmission. Several groups of plasmids (including replicons of the IncL/M incompatibility group) were found to play an important role in the dissemination of resistance genes encoding β-lactamases. The IncL/M plasmids are large, broad host range, and ...

This paper studies the effect of various mitigation loop configurations namely: single horizontal mitigation loop (two conductors), two separate horizontal mitigation loops (four conductors) and single vertical mitigation loop (two conductors), on the magnetic field produced by 220 kV double-circuit overhead transmission line. Also, in this paper a further reduction in the magnetic field is ach...

BACKGROUND Laboratory systems to study bacterial transmission and mucosal colonization leading to infection have not been utilized. METHODS We determined whether transmission of various strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among individual mice could occur and investigated the properties of such strains in establishing gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal colonization as well as in disseminating system...

The effects of La Crosse virus (LACV) infection on blood feeding behavior in Aedes triseriatus (Say) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) were investigated in the laboratory by measuring the size of the bloodmeal imbibed and the extent of refeeding by virus-infected and uninfected mosquitoes. LACV-infected Ae. triseriatus and Ae. albopictus took significantly less blood compared with uninfected mosquit...

A total of 4,281 rodents, belonging to 20 species, was collected from three villages in Chiangrai Province, northern Thailand, from January 1994 to December 2001. The predominant species were Rattus rattus, R. losea and Bandicota indica, accounting for 96% of the total. More than 135,000 chigger mites were removed from wild rodents of which 1% were identified as Leptotrombidium chiangraiensis, ...

PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate whether periodontopathogens are transmitted from husband to wife or vice versa. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested the microbiological profile of 9 couples married for at least 10 years suffering from periodontitis. The microbiological analysis provides the quantification by Real-Time PCR of six main periodontopathogens, including P. gingivalis, T. de...

West Nile virus (WNV) has become established in the northeastern United States, where mosquitoes are inactive during winter. There have been no documented studies to explain how this virus survives winter and reinitiates infection in spring. We report that WNV was vertically transmitted to 2 F(1) female Culex pipiens from a naturally infected female collected in Stratford, Connecticut. One vert...

We show that carbenoxolone, a drug used to block hemichannels in the retina to test the ephaptic model of horizontal cell inhibitory feedback, has strong inhibitory effects on voltage-gated Ca channels. Carbenoxolone (100 microM) reduced photoreceptor-to-horizontal cell synaptic transmission by 92%. Applied to patch-clamped, isolated cone photoreceptors, carbenoxolone inhibited Ca channels with...

The impact of active surveillance of patients at risk for infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) was examined, and VRE bacteremia rates and the degree of VRE clonality in 2 similar neighboring hospitals were compared. Hospital A did not routinely screen patients for VRE rectal colonization; hospital B actively screened high-risk patients. Retrospective observations were made over...