It is estimated that around 55-60% of men with prostate cancer will develop metastatic disease, most commonly involving bone. The initial treatment for metastatic disease is hormonal ablation, either with surgery (bilateral orchidectomy) or medically with gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues such as goserelin, leuprorelin or triptorelin. A luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antag...

BACKGROUND Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) plays a central role in the vertebrate reproduction by regulating gonadal activity. Based on its binding to pituitary LH-RH receptors, as well as to LH-RH receptors expressed on cancer cells, LH-RH agonists and antagonists have been developed for different therapeutic applications. OBJECTIVE/METHOD Here we give an overview of the most r...

Nowadays physicians are under economic pressure; therefore therapeutic decisions based on safety, efficacy, and the effectiveness of the medication also require economic analysis. The aim of this review is to discuss data concerning the cost-effectiveness of drug therapy in patients with hormonally active pituitary adenomas, namely growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulatin...

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is key to the treatment of men with advanced prostate cancer. ADT can consist of surgical (bilateral orchiectomy) or medical strategies (eg, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists or gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] antagonists). The substantial reduction of testosterone levels achieved with ADT is associated with numerous well-characterized side ...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. Although prescribed for dyslipidemia and type-II diabetes, PPAR agonists also possess anti-addictive characteristics. PPAR agonists decrease ethanol consumption and reduce withdrawal severity and susceptibility to stress-induced relapse in rodents. However, the c...

Secondary pituitary enlargement due to primary hypothyroidism is not a common manifestation. The loss of thyroxin feedback inhibition in primary hypothyroidism causes overproduction of thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH), which results in secondary pituitary enlargement. TRH has a weak stimulatory effect on the lactotroph cells of the pituitary, so a mild to moderate increase in prolactin (PRL)...

Ipriflavone, an isoflavone synthesized from the soy isoflavone daidzein, holds great promise in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. It has been widely studied in humans and found effective for inhibiting bone resorption and enhancing bone formation, the net result being an increase in bone density and a decrease in fracture rates in osteoporotic women...

Hormone therapy is well established for treating patients with prostate cancer and remains the mainstay of the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced disease, this article reviews the rationale for its use, its different forms, and complications and controversies still surrounding some of its modalities. Availability of long-acting synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) ag...

The physiological role of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in mediating the secretion of gonadotrophins is well established. However, administration of large doses of LH-RH produces a paradoxical anti-fertility effect. Thus, in women, agonists of LH-RH have been shown to inhibit ovulation (Nillius, Bergquist & Wide, 1978) and interfere with corpus luteum function (Casper & Yen, 197...