Tree species and litter play a key role in the functioning of forest ecosystems as influential factors affecting soil ecological processes distribution humus forms. This study investigates morphology under different trees on compacted skid trails at time intervals after skidding operations (6, 10, 20 years) Kheyrud forest, Nowshahr. Each trail was identified with three replications pure beech, ...

Mercury is considered one of the most harmful ecotoxic elements. A main source its anthropogenic emissions fuel combustion. For fuels with a high mercury content, costly methods are required to remove from flue gases. The solution this problem before This can be achieved by mild pyrolysis process. Solid samples relatively content were examined. These included waste (refuse-derived fuel, paper, ...

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     Extracts derived from Viscum album have been shown to kill cancer cells in vitro. Some studies have noted that different species of this plant collected from around the world displayed cytotoxic effects in different extents. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Iranian mistletoe extracts on five cancer cell lines. Plants growing on hornbeam tree (Carpinus...

Seasonal fluctuations play an important role in the pricing of a timber sale. A good understanding price mechanisms and predictability market would be very practical for forest owners, managers, investors, is crucial correct functioning sector. This research aimed to analyze effect sale season on (sawlog lumber) prices high-value species groups (e.g., oriental beech, chestnut-leaved oak, common...

Mesic broad-leaved forests occupy a central place in the vegetation cover of Colchis. According to Braun-Blanque classification system, they belong class Carpino-Fagetea Jakucs ex Passarge 1968. The purpose study is present an overview mesic Colchis form synopsis syntaxa based on analysis existing concepts higher categories currently accepted Europe and Asia Minor. In accordance with developed ...

In coppice-with-standards, once a common type of management in Central European lowland forests, selected trees (standards) were left to grow mature among the regularly harvested coppice stools to obtain construction wood. After the underwood was harvested, the forest canopy opened rapidly, giving standard trees an opportunity to benefit from reduced competition. Although this silvicultural sys...