Abstract Lipoproteins serve diverse functions in the bacterial cell and some are essential for survival. Some lipoproteins adjuvants eliciting responses from innate immune system of host. The growing list membrane enzymes responsible lipoprotein synthesis includes recently discovered intramolecular transacylase, Lit. Lit creates a that is less immunogenic, possibly enabling bacteria to gain foo...

The transcript levels of six defense genes including pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR-1), pathogenesis-related gene 2 (PR-2), pathogenesis-related gene 5 (PR-5), lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT) were investigated in tomato plants inoculated with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli as a non-host pathogen and X. euvesicatoria as a host pathogen. Activation o...

Intracellular pathogens manipulate host organelles to support replication within cells. For Legionella pneumophila, the bacterium translocates proteins that establish an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated replication compartment. We show here that the bacterial Sde proteins target host reticulon 4 (Rtn4) to control tubular ER dynamics, resulting in tubule rearrangements as well as alteration...

Coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks are appealing as synthetic hosts for mediating chemical reactions. Here we report the preparation of a mesoscopic metal-organic structure based on single-layer assembly of aluminium chains and organic alkylaryl spacers. The material markedly accelerates condensation reactions in water in the absence of acid or base catalyst, as well as organoca...

Salt provides 2 life-essential elements: sodium and chlorine. Chloride, the ionic form of chlorine, derived exclusively from dietary absorption and constituting the most abundant anion in the human body, plays critical roles in many vital physiologic functions, from fluid retention and secretion to osmotic maintenance and pH balance. However, an often overlooked role of chloride is its function...

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 induces the formation of filamentous, actin-rich, pedestal-shaped structures beneath bacterial cells that have attached to intestinal epithelial cells. Pedestal formation requires the translocation of EHEC O157:H7 type III effectors. One of these type III effectors, EspFu, consists of an N-terminal signal sequence, which is necessary for the tra...

Silver photodiffusion in thin Ge30Se70 films is investigated in order to understand the structure forming in the Ge–Se host after introduction of Ag in it. Optical micrographs point towards formation of homogeneous films after deposition of the Ge–Se material on glass substrate. This structure changes and occurrence of heterogeneous regions is imaged after Ag is introduced into the Ge–Se host. ...

Bacterial secretion systems are macromolecular complexes that release virulence factors into the medium or translocate them into the target host cell. These systems are widespread in bacteria allowing them to infect eukaryotic cells and survive or replicate within them. A new secretion system, the type VI secretion system (T6SS), was recently described and characterized in several pathogens. Ge...