background: diabetes has a high prevalence in iran and it is estimated to rise from 3.5 million adults in 2005 to 5.1 million by 2025. given the high prevalence of diabetes in iranians, it is surprising how little is known about understanding of diabetes in public population. this study aimed to explore and describe people without diabetes explanation for the disease. materials and methods: thi...

an important part of male infertility of unknown etiology may be attributed to various environmental and occupational exposures to toxic substances, such as lead. the reproductive effects of lead are complex and appear to involve multiple pathways, not all of which are fully understood. it is still unclear, for example, if male reproductive issues in lead-exposed persons are mostly related to t...

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implantable ports are used for intravenous infusion therapy and play an important role in management of oncology patients. these ports are best suited for patients requiring long-term therapy (>4 weeks). implanted ports provide reliable venous access protect peripheral access increase patients’ comfort through reducing repeated and difficult vein punctures allow for safe and comfortable adminis...

The study mentioned in this paper focused on demographics of newsgroups, conversational strategies which asks questions such as “are conversations broadcasted throughout several newsgroups”, “what is the length of messages”, “do newsgroups have FAQs”, and “how often messages are posted,” and interactivity which asks questions such as “how deep is a specific thread” and “how often do posts attem...

People are often more accurate in recognizing faces of ingroup members than in recognizing faces of outgroup members. Although own-group biases in face recognition are well established among adults, less attention has been given to such biases among children. This is surprising considering how often children give testimony in criminal and civil cases. In the current two studies, Euro-Canadian c...

Teachers wishing to offer lessons in nature may hold back for fear of leaving students keyed up and unable to concentrate in subsequent, indoor lessons. This study tested the hypothesis that lessons in nature have positive-not negative-aftereffects on subsequent classroom engagement. Using carefully matched pairs of lessons (one in a relatively natural outdoor setting and one indoors), we obser...

The home literacy environment has an important role in young children’s emerging literacy and social-emotional development. An emphasis has been placed on storybook reading at home. However, it has been unclear how often (quantity) storybook reading should occur or how parents should interact (quality) with their young child while reading together. Results revealed the importance and role that ...