BACKGROUND The Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1c subtype (HTLV-1c) is highly endemic to central Australia where the most frequent complication of HTLV-1 infection in Indigenous Australians is bronchiectasis. We carried out a prospective study to quantify the prognosis of HTLV-1c infection and chronic lung disease and the risk of death according to the HTLV-1c proviral load (pVL). METHODOLOGY...

A third type of primate T-lymphotropic virus, PTLV-L, with STLV-PH969 as a prototype, has recently been isolated from an African baboon (Papio hamadryas). Classification of this virus has been based on partial sequence analysis of cDNA from a virus-producing cell line, PH969. We obtained the complete nucleotide sequence of this virus with a proviral genome of 8,916 bp. All major genes, homologo...

INTRODUCTION The seroprevalence of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is very high among Brazilians (1:200). HTLV-1 associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is the most common neurological complication of HTLV-1 infection. HAM/TSP can present with an acute/subacute form of longitudinally extensive myelitis, which can be confused with lesions seen in aquaporin-4 a...

background: retroviruses of human t-lymphotropic viruses (htlv-1 and htlv-2) have been demonstrated to be endemic in the north-eastern region of iran. this study aims to determine htlv-1 and htlv-2 prevalence among healthy individuals in neyshabur city during 2010-2014. methods: a total of 8054 blood samples were collected from healthy participants in neyshabur, north-eastern iran. the blood sa...

Chimpanzees are susceptible to infection by divergent strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), none of which cause clinical or immunological abnormalities. Chimpanzees were inoculated with one of four strains of HIV-1: human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type IIIB, lymphadenopathy virus (LAV) type 1, HTLV type IIIRF, or an isolate from the brain of a patient with acquired immunodef...

A recent report demonstrated that free human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) could infect plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). The major role of pDCs is to secrete massive levels of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) upon virus exposure; however, the induction of IFN-alpha by HTLV-1 remains unknown. We demonstrate here that cell-free HTLV-1 generated a pDC innate immune response by producing massive...

AIMS This study aimed to characterise the status of viral infection in patients with HTLV-1 uveitis (HU) by quantifying the circulating HTLV-1 infected cells in the peripheral blood. METHODS Genomic DNA samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 25 patients with HU, 14 patients with tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM), and 21 asympt...

Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators involved in several inflammatory disorders. We investigated the LT pathway in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection by evaluating LT levels in HTLV-1-infected patients classified according to the clinical status as asymptomatic carriers (HACs) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients. Bioactive LTB(4) ...

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biologics are effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, it is still not clear whether this treatment promotes the development of malignancies such as lymphoma. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), which is a causative agent of adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL), is prevalent in Japan. Many HTLV-1-positive patients with RA are assumed...

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a leukemia derived from mature CD4(+) T cells and induced by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Previous studies have revealed many possible molecular and cellular mechanisms of HTLV-1-induced leukemogenesis, but it still remains unknown how HTLV-1 transforms peripheral CD4 T cells in infected individuals. Given the fact that only 2-5% of infec...