FK506 (tacrolimus) is an immunosuppressive drug which interrupts Ca2+-calmodulin-calcineurin signaling pathways in T lymphocytes, thereby blocking antigen activation of T cell early activation genes. Regulation of insulin gene expression in the beta cell may also involve Ca2+-signaling pathways and FK506 has been associated with insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus during clinical use. The purpo...

It has previously been demonstrated that the C-terminal alanyl residue in the B-chain of porcine insulin can be exchanged with a threonyl residue in a carboxypeptidase Y catalyzed transpeptidation reaction using threonine amide as nucleophile. However, with this procedure the transpeptidation product, human insulin amide, was obtained in relatively low yields. In the present paper it is demonst...

vaspin as a novel adipokine has insulin-sensitizing effects, which may be associated with decreased blood glucose concentration. in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of resistance exercise training on plasma vaspin concentrations and its relation to plasma levels of insulin and glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (t2d). in a quasi-experimental study, 18 male patients with t2d...

Clustering of cell-surface insulin receptors has led to the speculation that intermolecular phosphorylation of unoccupied receptors catalyzed by ligand-occupied receptors within the cluster could be a mechanism by which the insulin-binding signal is amplified. We examined whether insulin receptors can be phosphorylated by an intermolecular mechanism. In this study, we used highly purified insul...

The most spectacular discovery of this century in the therapy of diabetes is insulin. The source of insulin in the past was from animal pancreas which had amino acid sequence different from that of human insulin. This resulted in immunological reactions and inadequate control of plasma glucose due to its pharmacokinetic actions. To overcome the dependence of animal source for the extraction of ...

Human serum can be depleted of insulin and growth hormone by treatment with dextran-coated charcoal or by dialysis, or both. Inclusion of such hormone-depleted serum in the standard curve of a double-antibody radioimmunoassay for immunoreactive insulin more nearly mimics the conditions under which an unknown human serum sample is assayed. Compared to the usual standard curve in which serum albu...

Gel filtration of human serum extracts on Bio-Gel P-30 columns produced two peaks of material reactive with insulin antisera. The earlier eluting fraction appeared at the elution position of proinsulin (serum proinsulin-like component, PLC) while the second fraction corresponded in elution volume to insulin. In assays using porcine insulin-(131)I and an antiserum against porcine insulin, human ...

Horton DM, Saint DA, Owens JA, Gatford KL, Kind KL. Use of the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to assess insulin sensitivity in guinea pigs: dose response, partitioned glucose metabolism, and species comparisons. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 313: R19–R28, 2017. First published April 24, 2017; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00028.2017.—The guinea pig is an alternate small animal model for the s...