Laboratory examinations are carried out to determine diseases that can affect pregnancy, one of the tests is routine urine. The presence hormone HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin) in urine be used for a pregnancy test. Kidney function, known through protein test urine, leads pre-eclampsia pregnant women. High specific gravity caused by lack fluid consumption, sugar and (usually people with kid...

Recent work has indicated the importance of ketopentoses in carbohydrate metabolism. Horecker et al. (1) established that ribulose-5-phosphate is in equilibrium with ribosed-phosphate in the presence of yeast enzymes. Phosphate esters of ribulose are formed during photosynthesis (2). Touster and associates (3, 4) have shown that glucuronolactone, when fed, is converted, both in man and the guin...

The new 4'- hydroxy and 3'- aldehyde phase- 1 metabolites of butobarbitone and pentobarbitone are fully synthesized for the first time. These metabolites were used to idenfity and quantify the natural metabolites in human urine after single and multiple doses of these drugs. The synthesized metobolites have spectral characterizations (IR, NMR, U.V. and mass spectroscopy) consisted with the ...

introduction and objective: zinc as the second trace element of the human body plays an important role in numerous functions. a large number of research studies have showed serum zinc deficiency and excess urinary excretion in patients with major beta thalassemia, but few studies revealed excess urinary zinc excretion in minor beta thalassemia and no study investigated serum zinc levels in this...

The types of kinins excreted in fresh urine of dogs, rats, and humans were compared. Urinary kinins were separated by reverse-phase (C18) high performance liquid chromatography and quantitated by radioimmunoassay using an antibody directed against the COOH-terminal region of the peptide. Kinins were found in the following proportions: 53 +/- 3% bradykinin, 23 +/- 4% Lys-bradykinin, and 13 +/- 7...

Mutagenic/carcinogenic 9-(4'-aminophenyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole [aminophenylnorharman (APNH)] is formed from norharman and aniline in the presence of cytochrome P450 3A4/1A2. Because both precursors are widely distributed in the environment, human exposure is unavoidable. To clarify APNH formation in the human body, amounts of the compound in 24-h human urine collected from smokers and nonsmok...

BACKGROUND Adequate detection of designer steroids in the urine of athletes is still a challenge in doping control analysis and requires knowledge of steroid metabolism. In this study we investigated whether uPA(+/+)-SCID mice carrying functional primary human hepatocytes in their liver would provide a suitable alternative small animal model for the investigation of human steroid metabolism in ...

Because of previously observed species differences in rhein tolerability, with rabbits being very susceptible to kidney disturbances, in vivo and in vitro biotransformation studies were performed to find out whether the differences in the undesired effects of rhein are associated with qualitative, species-dependent differences in its metabolism. First hints on species-dependent biotransformatio...

BACKGROUND Iatrogenic transmission of human prion disease can occur through medical or surgical procedures, including injection of hormones such as gonadotropins extracted from cadaver pituitaries. Annually, more than 300,000 women in the United States and Canada are prescribed urine-derived gonadotropins for infertility. Although menopausal urine donors are screened for symptomatic neurologica...

leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, caused by leptospira interrogans and is considered as an emerging global public health problem. transmission usually results from direct or indirect exposure to the urine or other body fluids of leptospiruric animals which may become a source of infection for human or other animals. having a humid climate with plenty of annual rainfall, gui...