the water hammer phenomenon in hydroelectric power plant’s penstock is one of the famous troubles which have been an interest for researchers. hence this phenomenon can cause many harmful effects on pipe lines and turbine, it is essential that effects of these surges along with line and turbine have been studied and suitable methods for controlling presented. in this way one of the most effecti...

This paper describes a pair of virtual Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. These virtual simulations were built using virtual devices that simulate industrial processes, emulate control system ladder logic functionality, utilize control system communication protocols, and implement industrial Human Machine Interfaces (HMI). The first of these focuses on a comprehensive vir...