We reassess the effect of new information in the Hogs and Pigs Reports (HPR) focusing on announcements’ rationality and alternative surprises. HPR announcements are irrational estimates of final estimates, and market expectations are irrational estimates of HPR numbers. Using the market’s best forecast and incorporating final estimates, we modify conventional information measures. Despite diffe...

The effects of organic loading rates (OLRs) on fermentative productions of hydrogen and ethanol were investigated in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with attached sludge using molasses as substrate. The CSTR reactor with attached sludge was operated under different OLRs, ranging from 8 to 24 kg/m(3)·d. The H(2) and ethanol production rate essentially increased with increasing OLR. The ...

INTRODUCTION One important reason why functional electrical stimulation (FES) has not gained widespread clinical use is the limitation imposed by rapid muscle fatigue due to non-physiological activation of the stimulated muscles. We aimed to show that asynchronous low-pulse-rate (LPR) electrical stimulation applied by multipad surface electrodes greatly postpones the occurrence of muscle fatigu...

The retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR; fenretinide) is cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell lines, and we previously showed an association between ceramide generation and 4-HPR cytotoxicity for neuroblastoma cell lines (B. J. Maurer et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (Bethesda), 91: 1138-1146, 1999). Here we determine whether the increased ceramide mediated by 4-HPR in the CHLA-90 human...

The LevR protein is the activator of expression of the levanase operon of Bacillus subtilis. The promoter of this operon is recognized by RNA polymerase containing the sigma 54-like factor sigma L. One domain of the LevR protein is homologous to activators of the NtrC family, and another resembles antiterminator proteins of the BglG family. It has been proposed that the domain which is similar ...

Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid that displays a broad range of biological effects and has also demonstrated clinical efficacy as a chemopreventative agent. One cellular activity of 4-HPR is its ability to induce apoptosis. This effect has been proposed to relate to changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species. We show herein that a 1-h treatment of HL-60 cells with 4-HPR led to ...

OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess the consequences of switching prasugrel to clopidogrel on platelet inhibition and clinical outcomes after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). BACKGROUND Many ACS patients are switched from prasugrel to clopidogrel within the recommended 1-year duration of treatment. METHODS Platelet reactivity was measured with the VerifyNow P2Y(12) assay (Accumetrics, S...

To analyze the inhibitory effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone resorption, we measured urinary excretion of C-telopeptide (CTX) and N-telopeptide (NTX) of type I collagen as new markers of bone resorption and assessed their correlation with bone mineral density, in comparison with urinary pyridinoline (Pyr), deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr) and hydoxyproline (Hpr). CTX and NTX, in addit...

Background High platelet reactivity (HPR) during clopidogrel treatment predicts postpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) ischemic events strongly and independently. Tongxinluo capsules (TCs) are a traditional Chinese medicine formulation used as antiplatelet treatment. However, its efficacy against HPR is not known. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of TCs in acute co...

The synthetic retinoid, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR; Fenretinide), is a cancer chemopreventive and antiproliferative agent whose mechanism of action is unknown. 4-HPR alone is a poor inducer of differentiation of HL-60 cells compared to all-trans-retinoic acid (RA). Here, we found that combinations of 4-HPR and RA synergistically induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. In addition, 4-H...