Hydrogeologists have long been interested in using geophysical measurements to answer questions about the Earth. Originally used to find ore bodies or oil and gas, geophysics’ sensitivity to water was originally considered a nuisance. While looking for metallic ore using electricalinduced polarization, for instance, early geophysicists found that groundwater controlled most of the measured sign...

Abstract Groundwater utilization and groundwater quality vary in the Baltic Nordic countries mainly because of different geological settings. Based on geology, were treated following three groups: (1) Fennoscandian (Finland, Sweden, Norway), (2) Denmark (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), (3) Iceland. Most utilized resources are taken from Quaternary deposits, but have addition, important Phanerozoic...