In this research samples of PVOH were synthesized at various reaction conditions (temperature, time, and amount of catalyst). First at 25˚C and 45˚C and constant catalyst weight samples of PVOH were prepared with different degree of hydrolysis at various times. For investigation of the effects of temperature, at times 20 and 40 min and constant weight of catalyst PVOH was prepared at various te...

The first method for the stereoconvergent cross-coupling of racemic α-halonitriles is described, specifically, nickel-catalyzed Negishi arylations and alkenylations that furnish an array of enantioenriched α-arylnitriles and allylic nitriles, respectively. Noteworthy features of this investigation include: the highly enantioselective synthesis of α-alkyl-α-aryl nitriles that bear secondary α-al...

Montmorillonite KSF has been used as an effective and non-toxic heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles via [3+2] cycloaddition of sodium azide with a wide variety of nitriles. The reaction afforded high yields of the desired products in a short reaction time under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and reuse...

Plants are equipped with a range of defence mechanisms against herbivorous insects. In cruciferous species, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene along with glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products play important roles in plant protection and plant-insect communication. In turn, a number of herbivores have adapted to plants that contain glucosinolates. As a result of adaptation to the...