Plastic shear significantly reduces the phase transformation (PT) pressure when compared to hydrostatic conditions. Here, a paradoxical result was obtained: PT of graphitelike hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to superhard wurtzitic boron nitride under pressure and shear started at about the same pressure ( approximately 10 GPa) as under hydrostatic conditions. In situ x-ray diffraction measurement...

In various shocked meteorites, low-pressure silica polymorph α-cristobalite is commonly found in close spatial relation with the densest known SiO2 polymorph seifertite, which is stable above ∼80 GPa. We demonstrate that under hydrostatic pressure α-cristobalite remains untransformed up to at least 15 GPa. In quasi-hydrostatic experiments, above 11 GPa cristobalite X-I forms-a monoclinic polymo...

Cyclic hydrostatic pressure of physiological magnitude (< 10 MPa) stimulates chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, but mechanotransduction mechanisms are not well understood. It was hypothesized that an intact cytoskeleton would be required for uninhibited mechanotransduction of hydrostatic pressure. Therefore we examined the effects of drugs which selectively interfere with a...

The colony-forming ability and the rate of reproduction of Bacillus stearothermophilus were determined as a function of temperature and pressure. Colonies were formed between 39 and 70 degrees C at atmospheric pressure and between 54 and 67 degrees C at 45 MPa. Colonies did not form at 55.9 MPa. The rate of reproduction in broth cultures decreased with increasing pressure at all temperatures. T...

and one observes that the vapor pressure is lowered correspondingly. If water is added, the matrix swells by the same pressure. The fact that water can be pressed out of a gel, and that the swelling pressure has been found to be equivalent to the lowering of its vapor pressure, suggests that the mechanism is the same as in the capillary system, i.e., that the hydrostatic pressure is equivalent ...

Using a variational procedure within the effective-mass approximation, we have made a theoretical study of the effects of hydrostatic pressure and applied electric fields on the binding energy of a shallow-donor impurity in square-transversal section GaAs-Ga0.7Al0.3As quantum-well wires. The electric field is applied in a plane of the transversal section of the wire and many angular directions ...

Recently, the hydrostatic pressure refolding method was reported as a practical tool for solubilizing and refolding proteins from inclusion bodies; however, there have been only a few applications for protein structural studies. Here, we report the successful applications of the hydrostatic pressure refolding method to refold proteins, including the MOE-2 tandem zinc-finger, the p62 PB1 domain,...

Hydrostatic pressure is an important environmental variable that plays an essential role in biological adaptation for many extremophilic organisms (for example, piezophiles). Increase in hydrostatic pressure, much like increase in temperature, perturbs the thermodynamic equilibrium between native and unfolded states of proteins. Experimentally, it has been observed that increase in hydrostatic ...

Background Hydrostatic lung edema is a characteristic complication of acute left-sided ventricular or valvular heart failure that if untreated has a high mortality due to the resulting respiratory failure. Traditionally, formation of hydrostatic lung edema has been attributed to an imbalance of Starling forces, i.e. transcapillary hydrostatic and oncotic pressure in the pulmonary circulation re...

PURPOSE Elevated hydrostatic pressure induces retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis in culture. The authors investigated whether the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel, which contributes to pressure sensing and Ca(2+)-dependent cell death in other systems, also contributes to pressure-induced RGC death and whether this contribution involves Ca(2+). METHODS trpv1 mRNA exp...