A variety of factors, such as stress, hormones, diet, drugs, trauma, and certain neuromuscular diseases, can lead to an increase in sympathetic muscle tone, which results in masticatory muscle hypertonicity and parafunction. Dentists have traditionally attempted to treat and prevent this transient disease with methods that are expensive, risky, irreversible, and not evidence-based. There is a n...

Introduction As individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) present a large group of clients visited by occupational therapists, understanding clinical decision making in this context is very important. Moreover, the literature suggests that both pathology and diagnosis can influence clinicians‟ data collection and clinical reasoning, therefore it is necessary to understand these children in depth. Hy...

Carbohydrate malabsorption such as in lactose intolerance or enteric infection causes symptoms that include abdominal pain. Because this digestive disorder increases intracolonic osmolarity and acidity by accumulation of undigested carbohydrates and fermented products, we tested whether these two factors (hypertonicity and acidity) would modulate colorectal afferents in association with colorec...

Mechanisms exist in the ruminant to detect changes in osmolality and volume of plasma during feeding to maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Feed intake during a meal can be limited by the rise in osmolality of ruminal fluid, which is sensed in the wall of the rumino-reticulum. Ruminal microbes appear to be resilient to the short-term changes in ruminal fluid tonicity, but in vitro growt...

The possibility that clathrin plays a role in the agonist-mediated sequestration of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells has been investigated by the application of experimental paradigms previously established to perturb clathrin distribution and receptor cycling events. Preincubation of SH-SY5Y cells under hypertonic conditions resulted in a pronounced inhibit...

Introduction : Increasingly, novice occupational therapists are working in private practice. It is important to understand how build clinical experience complex practice areas. Upper limb hypertonicity management a area requiring advanced workplace training. This study aimed identify the teaching and learning processes that assist acquire this expertise. Methods Five hospital received 1.5-3 yea...