The cognitive skills that support decoding, such as attention, visual discrimination, visual sequential processing, immediate memory and working memory, must be automatic for successful reading. Many struggling readers are deficient in these skills. But despite the necessity of these skills, they are not generally taught in schools. In fact, the primary challenge in improving the teaching of re...

Two aspects of dynamic systems approaches that are pertinent to developmental models of reading are the emergence of a system with self-organizing characteristics, and its evolution over time to a stable state that is not easily modified or perturbed. The effects of dynamic stability may be seen in the differences obtained in the processing of print by beginner readers taught by different appro...

An Excel link to Lisp functionality can provide a window by which a user familiar with a spreadsheet can access a rich symbolic computing environment. Given the attempt by Microsoft to integrate all its applications via OLE, the same kind of technique can add powerful computation capabilities to other commonly used applications such as word processing and database programs.

This study investigated the differential effects of two direct instruction (DI) reading programs, one with overt decoding strategies and one with more covert decoding strategies, on the reading achievement of struggling seventh graders in an urban middle school. The students participating in this study (N = 55) were 2 to 4 years behind in reading achievement according to standardized pretests. ...

the role of orthography in difficult speech perception tasks has already been proved (dehaene & cohen, 2011). since the processing of heterographic homophones is believed to be more difficult than other words (hino & colleagues, 2013), the present study aimed at identifying the role of orthography and word forms in perception of such words during top-down processes, such as speech perception. a...