The eating, drinking and gnawing behavior induced by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ESLH) in rats was studied in order to assess the role of reinforcement in controlling the behavior. In the first study, an attempt was made to modify the initial stimulus-bound behavior to emerge by giving the animal previous experience with the drinking response in the presence of ESLH. The...

The South African real estate industry contributes to job creation, economic development and poverty eradication (Estate Agency Affairs Board [EAAB], 2020). However, it is challenged by unethical, unregistered, non-complying property practitioners firms (EAAB, 2018). Moreover, some have inefficient systems that fail combat hacking cybercrime (Jardine, 2015). Although strategies in place, there ...

BACKGROUND The shortage of surgeon is one of the serious problems in Japan. To solve the problem, various efforts have been undertaken to improve surgical education and training. However, appropriate teaching methods in the operating room have not been well established. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of a novel interactive educational (IE) system for surgical education on urolog...

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease associated with high risk morbidity and mortality. Recent literature suggests that surgery during index hospitalization may be performed safely without increased However, the post-operative complications remains unclear. Purpose The purpose this meta-analysis to assess associatio...

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease associated with high risk morbidity and mortality. Recent studies suggests that surgery during index hospitalization may be performed without increased However, differences in this association patients native valve IE prosthetic remain unclear. Purpose The purpose meta-analysis t...

are observed. Echocardiography represents the central role in the evaluation of patients who have a clinical presentation suggestive of IE. In the majority of published studies, transthoracic echocardiography and TEE sensitivity ranges between 40% and 63% and between 87% and 100%, respectively. Perivalvular abscesses are particularly common in prosthetic valve IE, since the annulus is the usual...