When moral philosophers study ignorance, their efforts are almost exclusively confined to its exculpatory and blameworthy aspects. Unfortunately, though, this trend overlooks that certain kinds of propositional namely the personal costs benefits altruistic actions, can indirectly incentivize those actions. Humans require cooperation from others survive, be facilitated by a good reputation. One ...

A great deal of decision-making during crises is about coping with uncertainty. For rulemakers, this poses a fundamental challenge, as there has been lack rigorous framework for understanding and analysing the nature function uncertainty in context rulemaking. In crises, modelling become governance tool to navigate tame justify decisions. This because models, particular mathematical can be usef...