The role of glial cells in neurodegeneration, toxicology and immunity is an expanding area of biomedical research requiring large numbers of animals. Use of the murine microglial cell line BV-2 would accelerate many research programs, and reduce the necessity of continuous cell preparations, provided that the cell line reproduces the situation in primary microglia (PM) with high fidelity. As re...

TiO₂ nanotubes (TNT) formation is beneficial for improving bone cell-material interaction and drug delivery for Ti dental implants. Among the natural drugs to be installed in TNT, selected propolis has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a resinous natural product which is collected by the honeybees from the various types of plants with their salivary enzymes. This study concl...

Flavonoids have been reported to be potent antioxidants and beneficial in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. Quercetin, a major flavonoid naturally occurring in plants, deserves attention because of its beneficial effects observed in various in vitro and in vivo neural damage models; however, the actions of quercetin are paradoxical. In an effort to confirm the neuroprotective ...

High dietary salt (NaCl) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular pathologies and inflammation. High plasma Na+ concentrations (high Na+) have been shown to stiffen the endothelial cortex and decrease nitric oxide (NO) release, a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction. Here we report that chronic high Na+ damages the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), induces release of inflammatory cytokines from the...

In the past decade, targeted therapies for solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have advanced significantly, offering tailored treatment options patients. However, individuals without targetable mutations pose a clinical challenge, as they may not respond to standard treatments like immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and novel therapies. While mechanism of action ICIs se...

BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM; PM2.5 [PM with diameters of <2.5 μm]) exposure during development is strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes at adulthood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that in utero PM2.5 exposure alone could alter cardiac structure and function at adulthood. METHODS AND RESULTS Female FVB mice were exposed either to filtered air or PM2.5 ...

Microglial cells, which are immunocompetent cells, are involved in all diseases of the central nervous system. During their activation in various diseases, a variety of soluble factors are released. In the present study, the correlation between cytokine levels and microglial cell migration in the course of retinal degeneration of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats was evaluated. MFG-E8 and CD...

bakground: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a cd4+ t cell-mediated autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (cns). it was previously believed that th1 cells were pathogenic t cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae). however, the functional role of th1 cells in eae has been reconsidered upon the discovery of il-17- producing t cells which are consider as dominant effect...

background: astrocytes, which comprise ~90% of overall brain mass, are involved in brain immunity. these cells represent the non-professional class of cns-resident apcs and may promote or inhibit cns inflammation depending on the cytokines they secrete. il-10 family of cytokines and their receptors, il-20r1 and il-20r2, may have a role in shifting astrocytes to a neuroprotective or neurodegener...