The necessity for the classification of open and closed eyes is increasing in various fields, including analysis of eye fatigue in 3D TVs, analysis of the psychological states of test subjects, and eye status tracking-based driver drowsiness detection. Previous studies have used various methods to distinguish between open and closed eyes, such as classifiers based on the features obtained from ...

Most grey level thresholding methods produce good results only when the illumination of the image is homogeneous. An automatic binarization technique suitable for images containing regions of different brightness is presented. It does not use image’s grey level histogram as a source of information. Rather, the method is based on the transformation of the raster image in such a way that the tran...

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including s...

This paper presents a watermarking algorithm for binary images. The original binary image is blurred to a gray-level image and we embed the watermark by biasing the threshold in binarization. A loop is used to control the quality of watermarked images and robustness, and a key is generated for extraction. We employ error correction codes to reduce extraction error. This algorithm can be applied...

The classical Otsu method is a common tool in document image binarization. Often, two classes, text and background, are imbalanced, which means that the assumption of not met. In this work, we considered imbalanced pixel classes background text: weights different, but variances same. We experimentally demonstrated employment criterion takes into account imbalance classes' weights, allows attain...

In an automatic document conversion system, which builds digital documents from scanned articles, there is a need to perform various adjustments before the scanned image is fed to the layout analysis system. This is because the layout detection system is sensitive to errors when the page elements are not properly identified, represented, denoised, etc. Such an adjustment is the detection of for...

Image binarization is the process of separation of pixel values into two groups, white as background and black as foreground. Thresholding plays a major in binarization of images. Thresholding can be categorized into global thresholding and local thresholding. In images with uniform contrast distribution of background and foreground like document images, global thresholding is more appropriate....