There is a groundswell of interest in applying phototrophic microorganisms, specifically microalgae and cyanobacteria, for biotechnology ecosystem service applications. However, there are inherent challenges associated with conventional routes to their deployment (using ponds, raceways photobioreactors) which synonymous suspension cultivation techniques. Cultivation as biofilms partly ameliorat...

‘riiis study of immobilisation osteoporosis was undertaken when it was realised tluat the important observations of Gill (1944, 1947) upon epiphysial disruption and premature fusion at the knee were only a part of a much larger problem. The disturbance of bone growth associated with epiphysial fusion gave Gill’s paper its immediate importance. However, prololuged recumbency also produces widesp...