We hypothesized that the immunogenicity of live Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi vaccines expressing heterologous antigens depends, at least in part, on its rpoS status. As part of our project to develop a recombinant attenuated S. Typhi vaccine (RASTyV) to prevent pneumococcal diseases in infants and children, we constructed three RASTyV strains synthesizing the Streptococcus pneumoniae surfa...

BACKGROUND Rituximab, a mouse Fab and human Fc chimeric antibody, has been widely used to treat Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). However, only 48% of patients respond to the treatment and complete response rate is below 10%. Also, immunogenicity was reported in 17-20% patients receiving the treatment, making it unsuitable for long term diseases such as autoimmune disorders. It has been a hot resea...

Recent studies on the primate protection from HCV infection stressed the importance of immune response against structural viral proteins. Strong immune response against nucleocapsid (core) protein was difficult to achieve, requesting further experimentation in large animals. Here, we analyzed the immunogenicity of core aa 1-173, 1-152, and 147-191 and of its main alternative reading frame produ...

BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibody therapeutics are rapidly gaining in popularity for the treatment of a myriad of diseases, ranging from cancer to autoimmune diseases and neurological diseases. Multiple forms of antibody therapeutics are in use today that differ in the amount of human sequence present in both the constant and variable regions, where antibodies that are more human-like usually have...

GOAL OF THE MEASLES AEROSOL VACCINE PROJECT .................................................................................. 1 WHY A MEASLES AEROSOL VACCINE? .......................................................................................................... 1 The potential to reduce the challenges link to injection safety and waste management ....................... 1 Positive lessons ...

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in human plasma and is widely used at high doses for treating various diseases. Recombinant HSA is an alternative approach to plasma-derived HSA, providing increased safety and an unlimited supply. However, the safety of the residual host cell proteins (HCPs) co-purified with Oryza sativa HSA (OsrHSA) remains to be determined. An animal sys...

Invasive meningococcal disease is a serious infection that occurs worldwide. It is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, of which six serogroups (A, B, C, W-135, X, and Y) are responsible for most infections. The case fatality rate of meningococcal disease remains high and can lead to significant sequelae. Vaccination remains the best strategy to prevent meningococcal disease. Polysaccharide vaccin...

There are conflicts on whether influenza vaccinated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are associated with a decreased immunogenicity and safety, compared with healthy controls. We conducted meta-analyses to compare SLE patients with healthy controls for flu-vaccine immunogenicity, as well as for adverse events.PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were searched by October 15, 2015. St...

Highly purified bovine and porcine insulins (single component insulin) did not produce antibodies in rabbits, and the highly purified porcine insulin was less immunogenic in diabetic patients than USP porcine insulin. In rabbits one porcine high molecular weight fraction (peak A) and two bovine high molecular weight fractions (peak A and peak B) separated from USP insulin by Sephadex chromatogr...

Protein therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies, enzymes and toxins, hold significant promise for improving human health. However, repeated administration of protein therapeutics, whether natural or recombinant, often leads to the induction of undesirable anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), which interfere with or neutralize the effect of the drug. Although an immune response to foreign proteins c...