Aims: We estimated long-term trends in prescription medication utilization and costs in patients with type 1 diabetes in two different transplant cohorts (Group 1: transplantation 1986-1999, n = 180; Group 2: transplantation 2000-2008, n = 150). Methods: Data obtained from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study were linked with the Drug Prescription Register (purchases of medications 1995-2009)...

Today, with the advent of new medications, treatment of Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been markedly improved. Immunosuppressive drugs used in therapy predispose patients to opportunistic infections. A 22-year-old woman was admitted to emergency department due to acute exacerbation of UC and decreased level of consciousness. She was under treatment with 5-aminosalicylate, prednisolone and azathiop...

BACKGROUND Potent immunosuppressive therapy is standard treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but carries a risk of reactivating latent tuberculosis (TB). No data exist on the burden of TB in South African patients with IBD. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the burden of TB in IBD patients attending a large tertiary IBD clinic. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on data pertaining...

BACKGROUND The responsibility of immunosuppressants for the increased risk of skin cancers in organ transplant recipients is widely recognized. Discerning the role of each drug is complicated owing to the fact that most patients generally have combinations of several medications. OBJECTIVE This article will discuss the role of the main immunosuppressants in the pathogenesis of skin cancers. ...

INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects fertile-age women and of which treatment includes immunosuppressive agents that can affect the gonads. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of menstrual alterations in lupus patient treated with immunosuppressive agents (ISA). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 87 patients, aged < 40 years, were studied. The p...

BACKGROUND The chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, the extra-intestinal manifestations of the disease and the immunosuppressive treatment of inflammatory bowel disease may increase cancer risk. AIM To report the demographic and clinical features of patients with IBD who developed a malignant tumor. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of an IBD patient registry of a privat...

Renal transplantation represents the most favorable treatment for patients with advanced renal failure and it is followed, in most cases, by a significant enhancement in patients' quality of life. Significant improvements in one-year renal allograft and patients' survival rates have been achieved over the last 10 years primarily as a result of newer immunosuppressive regimens. Despite these not...

In its program END THE WAIT, the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) outlined four comprehensive strategies to achieve the goal that within 10 years, every individual on the US waiting list will receive a transplant within 1 year of listing. Lifetime immunosuppressive coverage is a critical piece of the foundation of this program. Events in 2009 that were dedicated toward achieving a lifetime immu...

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at increased risk of hematological malignancies, especially when exposed to immunosuppressive therapy. The mechanisms of lymphomagenesis remain poorly understood but factors implicated include high disease activity, exposure to antitumoral necrosis factor medications, and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Lymphoid malignancies of T-cell origin are uncommon in ...

Evans syndrome is an autoimmune disorder described by Robert in 1951 specifying that a link exists between primary thrombocytopenic purpura and acquired haemolytic anaemia. It rare characterised the simultaneous or sequential development of anaemia (AIHA) immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) with without neutropenia. Approximately, represent 5-10% warm cases 2-5% ITP cases. basically diagnosis exclusi...