INTRODUCTION A new type of personal dosimeter has been developed by RADOS Technology Oy. This system is based on a novel detector type, an ionisation chamber with so-called Direct Ion Storage (DIS). Ionisation chambers are sensitive to both neutrons and photons. Therefore, the application of the DIS principle to neutron dosimetry requires a double-chamber system for separating photon from neutr...

I review observations of the X–ray spectra of Galactic Black Hole Candidates, and theoretical ideas as to how these can be produced. X–ray reflection should enable different source geometries to be distinguished, but the ionisation instability of X–ray irradiated material in hydrostatic equilibrium gives rise to large ambiguities in interpretation. It is not currently possible to determine whet...

The primary standard for air kerma for the gamma radiation of Cs-137, of the Metrological Laboratory of Ionising Radiation (LMRI), is an ionisation chamber of the type CC01. This instrument was, for the first time, used to characterize the radiation field, in terms of air kerma, produced by a Cs-137 source in an irradiator Shepherd model 81, used mainly for radiation protection calibration purp...