The local magnetic properties of Ag12TM and Pd12TM clusters with Ih symmetry (TM = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, and Pd have been systematically studied with the density functional formalism, and the Kohn-Sham equation is solved self-consistently with the discrete variational method (DVM). A special attention is paid to the comparisons of local magnetism for impuriti...

JUNE 2005 A well-characterized biopharmaceutical product is defined during its development by identification and quantification, when at all possible, of both process-related and product-related impurities. The expanding repertoire and sensitivity of the latest analytical methodologies enable detection and measurement of process impurities and product variants at increasingly lower levels and i...

A novel, rapid, and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method has been developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for the determination of tramadol HCl impurities in the tramadol HCl injection after reconstitution by infusion fluids (5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride). The tramadol HCl injection is for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe pain. The stabi...

We study the interaction-induced localization – the so-called self-trapping – of a neutral impurity atom immersed in a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Based on a Hartree description of the BEC we show that – unlike repulsive impurities – attractive impurities have a singular ground state in 3d and shrink to a point-like state in 2d as the coupling approaches a critical value β⋆. Mor...

The experimental results concerning the electric field gradient and the local magnetic field around substitutional impurities in copper-based dilute alloys have been summarized. Comparing the experimental data with theoretical models we have come to the conclusion that only the first-order quadrupole wipe-out number characteristic of the asymptotic charge density oscillation around the impuriti...

A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms governing the behavior of defects and impurities is essential to control doping in semiconductors. Wide-band-gap semiconductors, in particular, often exhibit doping-related problems. We discuss how rst-principles theoretical techniques can be applied to the calculation of formation energies and concentrations of native defects and dopant impurities....

Results Analytical results are shown below. Figure 1 shows, from the top, the TIC data of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol. The commercial reagents were analyzed without modification. The results showed impurities in each sample. Since the reagents were purchased a few years ago, the impurities detected were divided into two types: original components and decomposition...

Current standards and regulations demand the pharmaceutical industry not only to produce highly pure drug substances, but to achieve a thorough understanding of the impurities accompanying their manufactured drug substances and products. These challenges have become important goals of process chemistry and have steadily stimulated the search of impurities after accelerated or forced degradation...