the islamic fast during the month of ramadan is strictly observed worldwide by millions of muslims. ramadan is the 9th month of the islamic lunar calendar and fasting during ramadan is the religious duty of all healthy adult muslims. a whole month of intermittent fasting, from dawn to dusk, every year is particular only to islam and considering that islam has over 1.5 billion followers worldwid...

Anorthosites occur ubiquitously within the lunar crust at depths of 3-30 km in apparent confirmation of the Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO) hypothesis [1,5]. We will present recent chronological studies of anorthosites [2] that are relevant both to the LMO hypothesis and also to the lunar cataclysm hypothesis. Old (ca. 4.4 Ga) Sm-Nd ages have been determined for some Apollo 16 anorthosites, and primiti...

We revisit the early evolution of the Moon’s bombardment. Our work combines modeling (based on plausible projectile sources and their dynamical decay rates) with constraints from the lunar crater record, radiometric ages of the youngest lunar basins, and the abundance of highly siderophile elements in the lunar crust and mantle. We deduce that the evolution of the impact flux did not narrow imp...

A 1200-year-long tree-ring width record from living and subfossil mountain hemlock wood is used to reconstruct February through August temperatures for the Gulf of Alaska, providing a record of past climate variability for the Northeast Pacific sector that captures interannual to centennial timescales. The moderate elevation at the tree-ring sites has allowed these trees to retain their tempera...

Transient lunar phenomena (TLPs) have been reported for centuries, but their nature is largely unsettled, and even their existence as a coherent phenomenon is still controversial. Nonetheless, a review of TLP data shows regularities in the observations; a key question is whether this structure is imposed by human observer effects, terrestrial atmospheric effects or processes tied to the lunar s...

Introduction: In the context of resumed lunar exploration , the existence of water ice at the lunar poles has become a pressing question. In support of human return to the moon, the confirmation of the water ice signature detected from orbiting spacecraft [1,2] is a high-priority task that can only be accomplished in situ. Therefore, a landed mission to the permanently shadowed lunar polar crat...

Lunar cycle-associated physiology has been found in a wide variety of organisms. Studies suggest the presence of a circalunar clock in some animals, but the location of the lunar clock is unclear. We previously found lunar-associated expression of transcripts for Cryptochrome3 gene (SgCry3) in the brain of a lunar phase-responsive fish, the Goldlined spinefoot (Siganus guttatus). Then we propos...

12 Abstract 13 14 The full U-Pb isotopic systematics in a complex lunar zircon ‘Pomegranate’ 15 from lunar impact breccia 73235 have been investigated by the development of a 16 novel Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) scanning ion imaging (SII) 17 technique. This technique offers at least a four-fold increase in analytical spatial 18 resolution over traditional SIMS analyses in zircon. Res...

Hydrocode simulations of lunar impact events show that craters as small as 450 meters in diameter are viable candidates for the source of most lunar meteorites. The lunar cratering flux implies that 6 impact events of this size occurred on the moon in the last 0.1 Ma. This is in good agreement with the number of impacts (7) inferred from the geochemical analysis of the samples in hand. The resu...

Synchrony of spawning in many hermatypic corals, typically a few nights after the full moon, is putatively dependent on solar and lunar light cycles in conjunction with other possible cues such as tides and temperature. We analyze here the contributions of separate components of light dynamics, because the effects of twilight and lunar skylight on coral spawning synchrony have previously been c...