in the nighttime, drainage flow occurs along the basin sideslope and advects cold air to the boundary layer over the basin bottom (bbl), intensifying the cooling rate of the layer. a nocturnal cold air lake develops in the basin, attaining a depth nearly equal to the topographical depth of the basin. heat budget analysis of the whole basin surface shows that net radiative flux closely balances ...

[1] Recent modeling results have raised doubts about the ability to deglaciate from a global glaciation at atmospheric carbon dioxide levels that are realistic for a Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth. Here we argue that over the lifetime of a Snowball event, ice dynamics should lead to the development of a layer of continental and volcanic dust at the ice surface in the tropics that would significa...

Short lead-time forecasts using the operational United Kingdom variable-resolution (UKV) configuration of the Met Office's numerical weather prediction model, with horizontal grid-length 1.5 km over the UK, with and without a representation of the 20 March 2015 eclipse, have been used to simulate the impact of the eclipse on UK weather. The major impact was surface-driven through changes to sur...

We examine the atmospheric budget of CO2 at temperate continental sites in the Northern Hemisphere. On a monthly time scale both surface exchange and atmospheric transport are important in determining the rate of change of CO2 mixing ratio at these sites. Vertical differences between the atmospheric boundary layer and free troposphere over the continent are generally greater than large-scale zo...

Recent advances in atmospheric transport model inversions could significantly reduce uncertainties in land carbon uptake through the assimilation of CO2 concentration measurements at weekly and shorter timescales. The potential of these measurements for reducing biases in estimated land carbon sinks depends on the strength of covariation between surface fluxes and atmospheric transport at these...

Many large-scale weather forecast models prescribes too much turbulent mixing stably stratified conditions, which causes problems with the depth of nocturnal or high-latitude winter boundary layers, lack of inertially driven low-level wind maxima and inversion-capped low clouds. The link between the turbulent momentum flux and the associated Ekman pumping and therefore the lifetime of synoptics...

[1] The subtropical convective boundary layer (CBL) plays a critical role in climate by regulating the vertical exchange of moisture, energy, trace gases, and pollutants between the ocean surface and free troposphere. Yet bulk features of this exchange are poorly constrained in climate models. To improve our understanding of moisture transport between the boundary layer and free troposphere, pa...

The split-step Fourier (SSF) algorithm is applied to simulate the propagation of radio waves in an atmospheric duct. The refractive-index fluctuation in the ducts is assumed to follow a twodimensional Kolmogorov power spectrum, which is derived from its three-dimensional counterpart via the Wiener-Khinchin theorem. The measured profiles of temperature, humidity and wind speed in the Gulf area o...

in this paper, seasonal and diurnal variation of pollutants and the relation between meteorological parameters and the amount of pollutant concentrations is investigated. the data used were obtained from the air quality department of the municipality and from the synoptic station of the institute of geophysics. in this survey, the data used are from 2004 to 2007. the result of survey for season...