This paper reports the experimentally determined and calculated partition coefficients (Kp) in a heterogeneous system consisting of two partially mixing organic solvents for trimethylsilyl derivatives of 119 compounds including phenols, phenolcarboxylic acids, mono- and dicarboxylic acids, and some carbohydrates and polyols. It was demonstrated that a simple model based on the available physico...

OBJECTIVE The effects of carbohydrates on plasma uric acid levels are a subject of controversy. We determined the individual and combined effects of carbohydrate quality (the glycemic index) and quantity (the proportion of total daily energy [percentage of carbohydrates]) on uric acid levels. METHODS We conducted a randomized, crossover trial of 4 different diets in overweight or obese adults...

In the preceding paper of this symposium the extent to which ingested carbohydrates are fermented within the reticulo-rumen and the metabolic pathways involved in these degradative processes have been detailed. In this paper consideration will be given to the fate of carbohydrates leaving the rumen during their passage through the remainder of the alimentary tract. These carbohydrates, although...

Diabetes is a complex, chronic disease characterized by an elevation of the level of glucose in the blood. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, controls the blood glucose level by regulating the production and storage of glucose. In diabetes there may be a decrease in the body s ability to respond to insulin or a decrease in the insulin produced by the pancreas which leads to abnormalit...

Accumulation of foliar carbohydrates is one of the most pronounced and universal changes observed in the leaves of C3 plants grown at elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]). Carbohydrates are both the product of photosynthetic cells and the substrate for sink metabolism. However, carbohydrates are not just substrates; and the role of carbohydrates in regulation of the expression of many plant gene...

Legislation is described that impacts on the use of low-digestible carbohydrates in foods. This includes controls on the use of these carbohydrates, mandatory labeling concerned with gastrointestinal effects, nutrition labeling, and nutrition and other claims. Regional differences in approach to legislation have led to inconsistencies in the information that must be provided to consumers, even ...

The aim of this study was the development and validation of a new method for carbohydrates analyses obtained from woody biomass, as a step of bioethanol production. In this study, we have quantified carbohydrates in wood by gas chromatography (GC) after derivatization. Quantification of carbohydrates was made by liquid-liquid extraction, oximation and silylation and, finally, analysis by gas ch...