In a model with endogenous number of innovating firms, we show that whether patent protection increases R&D investment is ambiguous, and depends on the market demand function and the cost of R&D. If the market size increases with number of firms, patent protection reduces R&D investment if the cost of R&D is sufficiently high, and higher product differentiation increases the possibility of lowe...

This paper presents the case for and the evidence in favour of passive investment strategies and examines the major criticisms of the technique. I conclude that the evidence strongly supports passive investment management in all markets—smallcapitalisation stocks as well as large-capitalisation equities, US markets as well as international markets, and bonds as well as stocks. Recent attacks on...

This paper examines the nature of market orientation (MO) in entrepreneurial firms and proposes a conceptual model of market firm interface appropriate to entrepreneur led firms.

Based on a feasibility analysis on the product and source market orientation of the Ailing River Drifting Scenic Spot, this article explores its product quality as well as market strategies in four aspects including product, price, promotion and place.

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– Additional analysis of trends for products launched between April 2013 and May 2014 • New molecular entities, formulations and combinations approved by the EMA (EC centralized approval) between January 2009 and May 2014 were included in the analysis. FDA approval dates were retrieved. • Time comparison for general medicines vs. orphan and oncology indications was made including shifts over ti...

We suggest the possibility of including millisecond pulsars inside core globular clusters in pulsar timing array experiments. Since they are very close to each other, their gravitational wave-induced residuals expected be almost same, because both Earth and terms correlated. simulate residuals, due wave signal emitted by a uniform supermassive black-hole binary population, on cluster core. In t...

this research uses a comprehensive method to solve a combinatorial problem of distribution network expansion planning (dnep) problem. the proposed multi-objective scheme aims to improve power system's accountability and system performance parameters, simultaneously, in the lowest possible costs. the dynamic programming approach is implemented in order to find the optimal sizing, siting and...